Serum Anti‐
            <i>Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius</i>
            Ige and Igg Antibodies in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis and Nonatopic Dogs

Bexley, Jennifer; Nuttall, T.; Hammerberg, Bruce; Fitzgerald, J. Ross; Halliwell, R.E.W.

doi:10.1002/9781118644317.ch3

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Staphylococcal and Malassezia skin and ear infections are common in canine AD. However, while these may contribute to on‐going inflammation, it is thought that colonisation and infection is a consequence of altered skin barrier function and cutaneous immunity inherent with canine AD (Nuttall and Halliwell 2001, Bexley and others 2013). In one study, treatment with ciclosporin significantly decreased the prevalence of secondary infections (Steffan and others 2003), suggesting that effective control of canine AD reduces the frequency and severity of infections.…”

Section: Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life‐long diseases need life‐long treatment: long‐term safety of ciclosporin in canine atopic dermatitis

2014

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Ciclosporin (Atopica; Novartis Animal Health) has been licensed for canine atopic dermatitis (AD) since 2002. Adverse events (AEs) have been reported in 55 per cent of 759 dogs in 15 clinical trials, but are rare in pharmacovigilance data (71.81 AEs/million capsules sold). Gastrointestinal reactions were most common, but were mild and rarely required intervention. Other AEs were rare (≤1 per cent in clinical trials; <10/million capsules sold). Hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia and hyperplastic dermatitis were rarely significant and resolved on dose reduction. Ciclosporin decreases staphylococcal and Malassezia infections in AD, and at the recommended dose is not a risk factor for other infections, neoplasia, renal failure or hypertension. The impact on glucose and calcium metabolism is not clinically significant for normal dogs. Concomitant treatment with most drugs is safe. Effects on cytochrome P450 and MDR1 P-glycoprotein activity may elevate plasma ciclosporin concentrations, but short-term changes are not clinically significant. Monitoring of complete blood counts, urinalysis or ciclosporin levels is not justified except with higher than recommended doses and/or long-term concurrent immunosuppressive drugs. Ciclosporin is not a contraindication for killed (including rabies) vaccines, but the licensed recommendation is that live vaccination is avoided during treatment. In conclusion, ciclosporin has a positive risk-benefit profile for the long-term management of canine AD.

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Section: Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life‐long diseases need life‐long treatment: long‐term safety of ciclosporin in canine atopic dermatitis

2014

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“…This study found that both M. pachydermatis and S. pseudintermedius are capable of eliciting humoral immune responses (IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2) in atopic dogs. It is possible that this humoral response is associated with the pathogenesis of cAD . The age of the dog was included as a factor for evaluation of antibody levels because a previous study showed that allergen‐specific IgE levels increased with age in dogs with cAD .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that this humoral response is associated with the pathogenesis of cAD. 2,3 The age of the dog was included as a factor for evaluation of antibody levels because a previous study showed that allergen-specific IgE levels increased with age in dogs with cAD. 23 However, in the present study age was not associated with a difference in specific IgE or IgG antibody levels to either micro-organism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is an inflammatory skin disease that is associated with allergen‐related immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies . Concurrent carriage of both Malassezia pachydermatis and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in atopic dogs has been related to specific IgE production . In human AD, specific IgE levels to Malassezia species or Staphylococcus species are reported to be related to the skin severity index; such an association has not been reported for cAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibody levels to Malassezia pachydermatis and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in atopic dogs and their relationship with lesion scores

Khantavee

Chanthick

Sookrung

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background Elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels to Malassezia or Staphylococcus species in human atopic dermatitis are related to the skin severity index; a similar association has not been reported in atopic dogs. Objectives To investigate serum levels of allergen‐specific IgE, total specific IgG and IgG subclasses (IgG1 and IgG2) for M. pachydermatis and S. pseudintermedius, and to correlate them with the severity of dermatitis in dogs. Animals Serum samples were collected from dogs categorized by age and disease status. Groups 1 and 2: <3‐year‐old healthy (n = 9) and atopic dogs (n = 9), respectively; and groups 3 and 4: ≥3‐year‐old healthy (n = 11) and atopic dogs (n = 14), respectively. Methods and materials Antibody levels were measured by ELISA. The Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADLI) was analyzed in relation to antibody levels. Results Specific IgE and total IgG against M. pachydermatis and S. pseudintermedius were significantly increased in atopic dogs of all ages. Although differences between atopic and healthy dogs, with regard to specific IgG1 and IgG2 levels to each microbe, varied in significance within age groups. No significant relationships were found between the CADLI and any specific immunoglobulin levels for both microbe types. Conclusions and clinical importance In dog skin, microbes may act as allergens triggering inflammatory responses via IgE‐ and IgG‐dependent pathway(s). The affinity of the IgG subclass produced may vary according to antigen type. Specific IgE levels may be related to clinical disease in dogs and not to skin lesion severity.

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“…Superficial pyoderma can be highly pruritic regardless of the cause, whereas deep pyoderma is often associated with pain and gentle licking. Hypersensitivity to staphylococcal proteins is likely to augment the effects of bacterial toxins and superantigens and may explain the marked increase in pruritus with relatively mild pyoderma (Bexley and others 2013). Treatment with chlorhexidine shampoos (eg, Malaseb; Dechra or Microbex; Virbac) may be sufficient in mild cases, whereas more extensive superficial and deep pyoderma require antimicrobial therapy (see the article by Nuttall on pp 12‐17 of this supplement).…”

Section: Pyodermamentioning

confidence: 99%

A therapeutic approach to allergic pruritus in the dog

Shaw¹

2013

In Practice

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Allergic skin disease is a common and frustrating problem in dogs with a wide variety of differential diagnoses that must be excluded if appropriate treatment is to be implemented. There is a broad spectrum of possible clinical signs in allergic skin disease and the combination of these signs dictates the most appropriate treatment needed. This article discusses the agents available for treatment of canine atopic dermatitis.

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Serum Anti‐ Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius Ige and Igg Antibodies in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis and Nonatopic Dogs

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Life‐long diseases need life‐long treatment: long‐term safety of ciclosporin in canine atopic dermatitis

Life‐long diseases need life‐long treatment: long‐term safety of ciclosporin in canine atopic dermatitis

Antibody levels to Malassezia pachydermatis and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in atopic dogs and their relationship with lesion scores

A therapeutic approach to allergic pruritus in the dog

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