Serum and CSF soluble CD26 and CD30 concentrations in healthy pediatric surgical outpatients

Abstract

Activated T-helper type 1 (Th1) lymphocytes induce a cellular type immune response, and Th2 lymphocytes, a humoral or antibody-mediated type immune response. Soluble CD26 (sCD26) and soluble CD30 (sCD30) are regarded as markers of Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte activation, respectively. Serum from 112 generally healthy pediatric surgical patients and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 39, aged 1-17 years were measured for sCD26 and sCD30 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The detection limit for sCD26 was 6.8 ng/ml and for sCD30, 1.9 IU/ml. For serum sCD26 and sCD30, 2.5% and 97.5% percentiles constituted the reference limits, and the 95% credible intervals for the percentiles were calculated using regression models with a Bayesian approach. A significant between-gender difference was observed (P = 0.015) in serum sCD26 concentration, of which the lower limits ranged between 273 and 716 ng/ml for girls and 235 and 797 ng/ml for boys. The upper limits ranged between 1456 and 1898 ng/ml for girls and between 1419 and 1981 ng/ml for boys. Moreover, the concentrations of sCD26 increased in infants and children up to 10 years in girls and 12 years in boys. After this however, the values decreased. The serum sCD30 concentration was highest among the youngest infants aged 1 year (80-193 IU/ml), after which a consistent age-related decrease was found. The lowest values were found at the age of 17 years (10-89 IU/ml). A significant between-gender difference in sCD30 concentration was observed (P = 0.019). sCD26 and sCD30 concentrations were low in the CSF samples analyzed: 13.3 ng/ml (median); range 8.3-51.5 ng/ml and 7.6 IU/ml; 2.1-18.5 IU/ml, respectively. Reference limits for serum sCD26 in children aged 1-17 years were established as being 235-1800 ng/ml in toddlers and 400-1800 ng/ml in female adolescents and 700-2000 ng/ml in male adolescents. For sCD30; reference limits of 80-190 IU/ml were established in the youngest age group and 10-90 IU/ml in adolescents.

CD26 and Asthma: a Comprehensive Review

“…In serum or plasma, at least 90 % of this activity is associated to a heavily glycosylated 110-kDa CD26 isoform [84,85], whose concentration displays a normal distribution [86] and high biological variability [87,88] that seems to depend on pre-analytical variables, like age or gender. Thus, serum sCD26 concentration increased up to 10-12 years in children, after which the values start decreasing [89]. In adults, a slight decrease of sCD26 or DPP4 activity in serum with age has been also detected [87,88], but other studies did not describe such correlation [86,90].…”

Mixed effect frameworks in the analysis of longitudinal data

“…This review tries to fill the gap in knowledge about the methodologies involved in statistical modeling of such data, with citations from available literature. 10,[26][27][28][29][30][31] It also highlights the significance of implementing such methodologies by researchers in immunologic and rheumatologic studies.…”

“…29 Treatment efficacy studies have also been reported. 30 A Bayesian approach to calculate agespecific reference limits for serum cytokine levels in children has been demonstrated by Delezuch et al (2012). 31 Use of this methodology for research in clinical field has been restricted to very few studies, particularly in immunological and rheumatology.…”

“…30 A Bayesian approach to calculate agespecific reference limits for serum cytokine levels in children has been demonstrated by Delezuch et al (2012). 31 Use of this methodology for research in clinical field has been restricted to very few studies, particularly in immunological and rheumatology. As most of the data structures used in these fields involve longitudinal data with correlated and clustered data sets, the applicability of mixed effect methodologies will be beneficial and essential.…”

Improvement in lung function is associated with a decrease in serum soluble CD30 in atopic infants

“…5 Soluble CD26 and sCD30 are age dependent, with serum levels of sCD26 increasing until adolescence and sCD30 decreasing throughout childhood. 7 These factors should be taken into account when evaluating the potential clinical utility of these markers.…”