Serum and plasma zinc concentrations with special reference to standardized sampling procedure and protein status

Kiilerich, S.; Sanvig, Merete; Naestoft, Christensen J.; Christiansen, Claus

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(81)90236-9

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It was found by Foley et al. (1968) that plasma Zn was 16% higher than in serum, although later studies have shown no significant or only very little difference between serum and plasma Zn concentrations, therefore, making them comparable ( Kosman and Henkin, 1979 ; Kasperek et al., 1981 ; Kiilerich et al., 1981 ; Chen et al., 1986 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc in Multiple Sclerosis

Bredholt

Frederiksen

2016

ASN Neuro

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In the last 35 years, zinc (Zn) has been examined for its potential role in the disease multiple sclerosis (MS). This review gives an overview of the possible role of Zn in the pathogenesis of MS as well as a meta-analysis of studies having measured Zn in serum or plasma in patients with MS. Searching the databases PubMed and EMBASE as well as going through reference lists in included articles 24 studies were found measuring Zn in patients with MS. Of these, 13 met inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The result of the meta-analysis shows a reduction in serum or plasma Zn levels in patients with MS with a 95% CI of [−3.66, −0.93] and a p value of .001 for the difference in Zn concentration in μM. One of six studies measuring cerebrospinal fluid, Zn levels found a significant increase in patients with MS with controls. The studies measuring whole blood and erythrocyte Zn levels found up to several times higher levels of Zn in patients with MS compared with healthy controls with decreasing levels during attacks in relapsing-remitting MS patients. Future studies measuring serum or plasma Zn are encouraged to analyze their data through homogenous MS patient subgroups on especially age, sex, and disease subtype since the difference in serum or plasma Zn in these subgroups have been found to be significantly different. It is hypothesized that local alterations of Zn may be actively involved in the pathogenesis of MS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc in Multiple Sclerosis

Bredholt

Frederiksen

2016

ASN Neuro

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“…After centrifugation the separated serum was stored in plastic tubes at 4°C prior to analysis. Serum was employed despite an earlier report of increased zinc content of serum compared with plasma (Foley et al, 1968), as recent evidence indicates no significant difference (Kiilerich et al, 1981). Analysis of zinc was by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Pye SP192).…”

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confidence: 99%

Low serum zinc in children with atopic eczema

David

Wells

Sharpe³

et al. 1984

Br J Dermatol

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Serum zinc was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in sixty-five children with atopic eczema and seventy-nine control children. The mean serum zinc of the patients, (11.4 +/- 2.0 mumol/l) was significantly lower than that of the controls (13.7 +/- 2.3 mumol/l, P less than 0.0001). There was no significant correlation between the patients' serum zinc concentration and either the height/weight centile or a subjective assessment of severity and extent of the eczema. Of eleven patients with serum zinc below 10 mumol/l, six had recurrent infections of the skin, a significantly greater proportion than in patients whose serum zinc was 10 mumol/l or above. It is suspected that the decreased plasma zinc concentration in children with eczema is a non-specific consequence of the dermatological disorder, and therefore there is no indication for zinc supplementation.

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“…In studies comparing heparinized plasma and serum, either no difference in zinc concentrations between serum and plasma were observed (16,17) or a small difference was noted (15). In the latter study slightly higher serum values were attributed to the partial disintegration of platelets during serum clot retraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Comparison of Direct Versus Indirect Determination of Zinc Concentration in Erythrocytes in Euthyroid and Hyperthyroid Subjects

Tiran

Lorenz²,

Tiran³

et al. 1993

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Zinc concentration in erythrocytes is a suitable marker of peripheral tissue response to thyroid hormones. Therefore, the determination of erythrocyte zinc concentration has become an important marker for duration of preexisting hyperthyroidism in the clinical laboratory. We compared a new indirect erythrocyte zinc determination method with a commonly used direct method in 42 euthyroid and 14 hyperthyroid subjects. Zinc concentrations (median and range) obtained by direct and indirect methods were 172.8 (134.4 -241.1) and 176.8 (143-243.9) μιιιοΐ/ΐ erythrocytes in the euthyroid group and 117.1 (71-141.9) and 118.5 (73-137) μπιοΐ/ΐ erythrocytes in the hyperthyroid group. Values measured by the indirect method were slightly higher in both groups. Regression analysis showed a good correlation (r = 0.967, ρ = 0.0001). The influence of the anticoagulants, potassium EDTA and heparin, on erythrocyte and plasma zinc values was studied, and zinc concentrations in serum and plasma were compared. No statistically significant differences were found. Thus, the indirect determination of erythrocyte zinc concentration is a simple and rapid technique well suited for use in clinical laboratory work, yielding accurate and reliable results. For the indirect method reference concentrations were established in a collective of 102 thyroid healthy subjects. An erythrocyte zinc concentration of 176.3 ± 23.9 μπιοΐ/ΐ (mean + SD) was found with a cut-off limit of 138 μπιοΐ/ΐ to hyperthyroidism. Introductioncentration over the previous several weeks and The interaction between thyroid function and zinc months (9, 10). For this reason it is possible to difmetabolism has long been a matter of investigation ferentiate short from the long duration hyperthyroid-(1 -3). It is a well known fact that during hyperthy-ism by determination of the erythrocyte zinc concenroidism the zinc concentration in erythrocytes reported that determination of creases and serum zinc is increased (4, 5). The reason erythrocyte zinc concentration makes it possible to for the decreased erythrocyte zinc concentration is discriminate between preexisting hyperthyroidism and inhibition of the synthesis of carbonic anhydrase-I transient hyperthyroidism in pregnancy due to hyperisoenzyme in erythrocytes by high thyroid hormone emesis gravidarum, and so facilitates the choice of concentrations. The greatest amount of zinc in eryth-therapy. rocytes is bound as a structural part of this enzyme Erythrocyte zinc concentration is commonly meas-(6-8). Changes in erythrocyte zinc concentration, as ured directly: erythrocytes are separated from whole a result of changes in thyroid function, take time to blood and the resulting pellet is analysed (10,12). The develop because of the relatively long half-life of separation and washing procedures have to be pererythrocytes. Therefore, erythrocyte zinc concentra-formed immediately after venous puncture, and they tion reflects the patient's mean thyroid hormone con-are labour intensive and time consuming. Indirect

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Serum and plasma zinc concentrations with special reference to standardized sampling procedure and protein status

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Zinc in Multiple Sclerosis

Zinc in Multiple Sclerosis

Low serum zinc in children with atopic eczema

Comparison of Direct Versus Indirect Determination of Zinc Concentration in Erythrocytes in Euthyroid and Hyperthyroid Subjects

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