Serum Amyloid A Protein as a Potential Biomarker Useful in Monitoring the Course of COVID-19 : A Retrospectively Studied

Zhang, Ying; Wang, Donglian; Lin, Minjie; Chen, Jiaxi; Xu, Jiaqin; Zhu, Hongying; Zhu, Guangjun; Lu, Ruijie; Hong, Luxiao; Shen, Bo; Wu, Xiaomai; Zheng, Yufen

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-19724/v1

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A study conducted by Zhang et al 29 have shown that SAA levels were increased in all patients with COVID‐19, with statistically significant differences between those with severe and mild cases. Besides, another research conducted by Zhang et al 30 also demonstrated that elevatory range of SAA were associated with the degree of COVID‐19 severity, and SAA changes were greater than CRP, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count. The above results were similar to our study and confirmed that the increased level of SAA was related to the severity of COVID‐19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Associations between serum amyloid A, interleukin‐6, and COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study

Liu

Dai

Feng

et al. 2020

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Background Serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) play critical roles in inflammation and are used in clinical laboratories as indicators of inflammation‐related diseases. We aimed to provide potential laboratory basis for auxiliary distinguishing coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) by monitoring above indicators. Methods A total of 84 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 were enrolled in the study. Baseline characteristics and laboratory results were collected and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to combined detection of SAA and IL‐6 in patients with COVID‐19, and independent risk factors for severity of COVID‐19 were assessed by using binary logistic regression. Results The main clinical symptoms of patients with COVID‐19 were fever (98.8%), fatigue (61.9%), and dry cough (58.3%). SAA, IL‐6, and NLR were significantly higher in patients with COVID‐19 (all P < .001), and compared with nonsevere patients, three indicators of severe patients were significantly elevated. Besides, combined detection of SAA and IL‐6 better separates healthy people from patients with COVID‐19 than detection of SAA or IL‐6 alone. In addition, elevated SAA, IL‐6, and NLR can be used as independent variables for predicting the severity of patients with COVID‐19. Conclusion Serum amyloid A and IL‐6 could be used as addition parameters to helping the distinguish of patients with COVID‐19 from healthy people, and can provide potential basis for separating patients with nonsevere and severe clinical signs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Associations between serum amyloid A, interleukin‐6, and COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study

Liu

Dai

Feng

et al. 2020

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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“…Higher serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an important marker of poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients and can be used to predict the risk of death in severe patients, which reflects the persistent state of inflammation [40]. Increased PCT, SAA and ESR were identified as powerful factors to predict disease progression of patients with COVID-19 [41][42][43][44]. In addition, the combined detection of IL-6, ESR and CRP improve the efficiency of predicting the development of patients' condition [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of laboratory indexes of severe and non-severe patients infected with COVID-19

Bao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Clinica Chimica Acta

123

103

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Background: The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has threaten the global health. The characteristics of laboratory findings of coronavirus are of great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. We found indicators that may most effectively predict a non-severe COVID-19 patient develop into a severe patient. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the laboratory findings of severe patients with non-severe patients with COVID-19 from searched articles. Results: Through the analysis of laboratory examination information of patients with COVID-19 from 35 articles (5912 patients), we demonstrated that severe cases possessed higher levels of leukocyte (1.20-fold), neutrophil (1.33-fold), CRP (3.04-fold), PCT (2.00-fold), ESR (1.44-fold), AST (1.40-fold), ALT (1.34-fold), LDH (1.54-fold), CK (1.44-fold), CK-MB (1.39-fold), total bilirubin (1.14-fold), urea (1.28-fold), creatine (1.09-fold), PT (1.03fold) and D-dimer (2.74-fold), as well as lower levels of lymphocytes (1.44-fold), eosinophil (2.00-fold), monocyte (1.08-fold), Hemoglobin (1.53-fold), PLT (1.15-fold), albumin (1.15-fold), and APTT (1.02-fold). Lymphocyte subsets and series of inflammatory cytokines were also different in severe cases with the non-severe ones, including lower levels of CD4 T cells (2.10-fold) and CD8 T cells (2.00-fold), higher levels of IL-1β (1.02fold), IL-6 (1.93-fold) and IL-10 (1.55-fold). Conclusions: Some certain laboratory inspections could predict the progress of the COVID-19 changes, especially lymphocytes, CRP, PCT, ALT, AST, LDH, D-dimer, CD4 T cells and IL6, which provide valuable signals for preventing the deterioration of the disease.

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“…According to previous research, disease infection from influenza A is more severe than that of influenza B (Mancinelli et al, 2016), and increased levels of CRP have been found in patients infected with influenza A, with the highest CRP levels correlating with the more severe symptoms and even mortality (Gao et al, 2017;Haran et al, 2012;Tekin et al, 2019). A number of studies have also demonstrated that an elevated range of SAA was associated with degree of disease severity, and SAA changes were greater than CRP, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil count (Liu et al, 2020;Perez, 2019;Zhang et al, 2020). The above results were similar to the current study and confirm that the increased levels of SAA and CRP were related When detecting SAA alone, the area under the ROC curve was 0.827 (95% CI 0.707-0.948; P < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAA and CRP are potential indicators in distinction and severity assessment for children with influenza

Zou

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The clinical values of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) to distinguish nonsevere from severe influenza in children are rarely reported. Methods: Baseline characteristics and laboratory results were collected and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for combined detection of indicators for children with influenza, and scatter-dot plots were used to compare the differences between non-severe and severe influenza. Results: Children with influenza B had more bronchitis and pneumonia (P < 0.05) and children with influenza A had more other serious symptoms (P = 0.015). Lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), CRP, and SAA performed differently among children with influenza A and B. Joint detection of SAA and other indicators could better separate healthy children from children with influenza than single indicator detection. The CRP and SAA levels of children with severe influenza B infection and SAA levels of children with severe influenza A infection were significantly elevated compared with children with non-severe influenza (P < 0.05). Conclusions: SAA and CRP could be potential indicators in distinction and severity assessment for children with influenza; however, age should be taken into account when using them in children with influenza B.

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Serum Amyloid A Protein as a Potential Biomarker Useful in Monitoring the Course of COVID-19 : A Retrospectively Studied

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Associations between serum amyloid A, interleukin‐6, and COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study

Associations between serum amyloid A, interleukin‐6, and COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study

Comparative analysis of laboratory indexes of severe and non-severe patients infected with COVID-19

SAA and CRP are potential indicators in distinction and severity assessment for children with influenza

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