Serum Alanine Aminotransferase of Donors in Relation to the Risk of Non-A,Non-B Hepatitis in Recipients

Since 1980, the Transfusion-transmitted Viruses Study (TTVS) (1974)(1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)) has continued to maintain its computerized database and stored sera to enable ongoing study of new transfusion events since the 1970s. Most recently, we have used this resource to study parameters of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among 94 donor-recipient pairs in which there was transmission. In addition, frequent recipient observations permitted further characterization of the early phase of the infection's course. Donor RNA load ranged from 3.7 to 3,160,000 IU/mL. Onset of recipient viremia was judged from a total of 67 sera collected during the 4th through 8th days posttransfusion; only 2 of the 67 sera were still RNA nonreactive by that time. The recipients' latent periods to an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation of >90 IU/L ranged from 6 to 112 days (median, 46 days) and was shorter with higher donor RNA levels. Descriptors of the recipient's illness showed several strongly positive and negative correlations. The latent period tended to be shorter in the 37% of cases that were clinically overt. Attributes of donors with genotypes 1 and non-1 and subtypes 1a and 1b did not differ significantly. Recipients with genotype 1 strains had shorter latent intervals than non-1 strains. On multivariate analysis, latent period was significantly associated (negatively) only with the highest ALT level during the first 120 days of follow-up (P ‫؍‬ .014). In conclusion, host factors are more important determinants of acute HCV infection dynamics than virus-associated factors. ( I n the past, the most clearly defined cases for study of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection resulted from blood-borne transfusion transmission in populations followed prospectively. This approach identified not only overt cases but also the more numerous subclinical infections. In the last decade, however, screening of blood donors for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) and then hepatitis C viremia has almost eliminated this route of infection. 1 Fortunately, databases and specimens for several past groups of prospectively followed transfusion recipients are still available. 2 One of these is the Transfusion-transmitted Viruses Study (TTVS), from which it is still possible to obtain new information about HCV infections as increasingly informative laboratory assays have been developed. [3][4][5][6][7] We have identified and further characterized 94 acute transfusion-transmitted HCV cases in which an anti-HCV-negative recipient was infected by a single seropositive donor. We have examined the idea that there could be correlations between donor and recipient parameters, reflecting the replicative capacity or pathogenetic potential of the strain shared between donor and recipient. We have also attempted a thorough description of recipient events during the first 4 months of the infection. Patients and MethodsPopulation. Many details of TTVS have been previously reported. [8][9][10] Briefly, from July 1974 through Octo-

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“…Many details of TTVS have been previously reported. [8][9][10] Briefly, from July 1974 through Octo- …”

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Viral and host factors in early hepatitis C virus infection

et al. 2005

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“…6 Aach et al have reported that high levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) may indicate viral hepatitis. 7 To reduce the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis, the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) formerly required that ALT be used to screen blood donors. 8 However, ALT screening lacks the sensitivity to detect all infectious units of blood.…”

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Prevalence of HBsAg and Anti-HCV in Saudi Blood Donors

et al. 1998

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“…Serum enzyme activities regress as the injury progresses, which suggests that substantial serum AST or ALT does not necessarily refl ect cell death. AST is found in a wide variety of tissues beside liver, including heart, skeletal muscles, kidney, and brain, whereas ALT appears to be primarily located in the liver (38).…”

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Melatonin Improves Liver Function in Benzene-Treated Rats

Sharma

Rana

2013

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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In this study, we investigated the benefi cial effects of melatonin against benzene-induced liver function impairments in Wistar rats. After 30 days of treatment, it signifi cantly lowered hepatosomatic indices, bilirubin, and hydroxyproline in male and female benzene-treated rats. Even though it did not infl uence aspartate aminotransferase, melatonin had benefi cial effects on alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. Our results suggest that melatonin is an effective modulator of liver function in benzenetreated rats thanks to its antioxidative properties.

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Serum Alanine Aminotransferase of Donors in Relation to the Risk of Non-A,Non-B Hepatitis in Recipients

Cited by 470 publications

References 34 publications

Viral and host factors in early hepatitis C virus infection

Viral and host factors in early hepatitis C virus infection

Prevalence of HBsAg and Anti-HCV in Saudi Blood Donors

Melatonin Improves Liver Function in Benzene-Treated Rats

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