SERRATE, a miRNA biogenesis factor, affects viroid infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum

Kryovrysanaki, Nikoleta; Alexiadis, Anastasios; Grigoriadou, Alexandra M.; Κατσαρού, Κωνσταντίνα; Kalantidis, Kriton

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2018.12.011

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Studies of PSTVd using transgenic N. benthamiana plants with downregulated dcl genes revealed a complex relationship between DCL proteins and viroid infections. DCL1 and DCL4, which play essential roles in the microRNA pathway and antiviral defense against RNA viruses, respectively, are required for optimum PSTVd accumulation, whereas the combined activity of DCL2 and DCL3 inhibits PSTVd accumulation (79)(80)(81). Hence, different from plant RNA viruses, viroids may utilize particular DCL proteins to support their infection; meanwhile, they may be suppressed by other DCL components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptomatic plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi

Wei

Bian

Andika

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Viroids are pathogenic agents that have a small, circular noncoding RNA genome. They have been found only in plant species; therefore, their infectivity and pathogenicity in other organisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate whether plant viroids can replicate and induce symptoms in filamentous fungi. Seven plant viroids representing viroid groups that replicate in either the nucleus or chloroplast of plant cells were inoculated to three plant pathogenic fungi, Cryphonectria parasitica, Valsa mali, and Fusarium graminearum. By transfection of fungal spheroplasts with viroid RNA transcripts, each of the three, hop stunt viroid (HSVd), iresine 1 viroid, and avocado sunblotch viroid, can stably replicate in at least one of those fungi. The viroids are horizontally transmitted through hyphal anastomosis and vertically through conidia. HSVd infection severely debilitates the growth of V. mali but not that of the other two fungi, while in F. graminearum and C. parasitica, with deletion of dicer-like genes, the primary components of the RNA-silencing pathway, HSVd accumulation increases. We further demonstrate that HSVd can be bidirectionally transferred between F. graminearum and plants during infection. The viroids also efficiently infect fungi and induce disease symptoms when the viroid RNAs are exogenously applied to the fungal mycelia. These findings enhance our understanding of viroid replication, host range, and pathogenicity, and of their potential spread to other organisms in nature.plant viroid | fungus | transmission | pathogenicity V iroids are infectious pathogenic agents possessing small, nonencapsidated, circular single-stranded RNAs that, to date, have been found to naturally infect only plants (1, 2). Viroids infect a wide variety of higher plant species, causing devastating diseases in many crops, particularly vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants (3). In crop plants, viroids are known to spread by vegetative propagation; by mechanical agricultural practices; and, in certain cases, through seeds, pollen, and insect transmission (3, 4). As viroids do not encode any proteins and do not require a helper agent for their multiplication and survival, the biological activities of viroids are entirely dependent on direct interactions of their RNA genome or its derivatives with cellular host components (5-9). Viroid replication or processing of its RNAs in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and cyanobacterium, Nostoc (Nostocales), have been demonstrated (10-12).Currently, at least 34 viroid species have been identified and are classified into two families, Avsunviroidae and Pospiviroidae (13-15). The members of Avsunviroidae (type species: Avocado sunblotch viroid) replicate in the chloroplasts or plastids through symmetric rolling-circle replication using the host nuclear-encoded polymerase. Their RNAs form highly branched secondary structures and have ribozyme activities. Members of Pospiviroidae (type species: Potato spindle tuber viroid) replicate and accumulate in the nucleus th...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptomatic plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi

Wei

Bian

Andika

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…This suggests that these factors have the positive effects to viroid infection (PSTVd and HSVd). However, the mechanism behind this effect remains unclear (Kryovrysanaki et al, 2019). These findings indicate that DCL2, DCL3, and DCL4, but not DCL1, play important roles in anti-viroid defense.…”

Section: -3-2-4 Over-expression Of Rna Silencing Componentmentioning

confidence: 89%

Resistance and Tolerance to Viroid Infection

Nakada¹,

Li²,

Shimmen³

2022

Preprint

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Viroids are known the smallest plant pathogens, and although their genome sequences do not encode proteins, they can cause disease in economically important crops. In order to control viroid diseases and mitigate their damage, genetic resources used for breeding of the viroid-resistant crop have been searched, but the practical resistant trait has not been found in almost all viroid-crop combinations, as well as the tolerant trait. Due to the difficulty in exploiting naturally occurring resistance or tolerance, various effective strategies have been devised to control viroid diseases using non-transforming or transforming techniques. Meanwhile, extensive findings related to viroid resistance and tolerance may lead to confer resistance or tolerance to viroid infection by combining with the recently emerged new technologies (e.g., spray-induced gene silencing and genome-editing technologies), which are believed to be more environmentally viable and acceptable to the general public than previously reported approaches. In particular, some genome-modified crops produced by the latter technology are already on the market. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the current status about investigation of naturally occurring genetic traits for viroid resistance and tolerance, accumulating knowledge about host factors involved in viroid pathogenicity, and various basic technologies developed to try to possible viroid disease control strategies. Furthermore, we discuss prospects and challenges for the achievement of more effective, practical, and sustainable disease control of viroid.

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“…As infectious noncoding RNAs, viroids have been a productive model to dissect plant defense mechanisms against foreign RNAs [23,39,40], the role of RNA three-dimensional motifs in regulating RNA systemic trafficking [18,41], and RNA-templated RNA replication by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II [42,43]. Recent progress has begun to elucidate how viroids co-opt cellular factors to effectively propagate themselves [18,24,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56]. In spite of these progresses, future studies are needed to unravel novel cellular factors involved in viroid biogenesis and their functional mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining a Simple Method for DNA/RNA/Protein Co-Purification and Arabidopsis Protoplast Assay to Facilitate Viroid Research

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Plant–viroid interactions represent a valuable model for delineating structure–function relationships of noncoding RNAs. For various functional studies, it is desirable to minimize sample variations by using DNA, RNA, and proteins co-purified from the same samples. Currently, most of the co-purification protocols rely on TRI Reagent (Trizol as a common representative) and require protein precipitation and dissolving steps, which render difficulties in experimental handling and high-throughput analyses. Here, we established a simple and robust method to minimize the precipitation steps and yield ready-to-use RNA and protein in solutions. This method can be applied to samples in small quantities, such as protoplasts. Given the ease and the robustness of this new method, it will have broad applications in virology and other disciplines in molecular biology.

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SERRATE, a miRNA biogenesis factor, affects viroid infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum

Cited by 5 publications

References 74 publications

Symptomatic plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi

Symptomatic plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi

Resistance and Tolerance to Viroid Infection

Combining a Simple Method for DNA/RNA/Protein Co-Purification and Arabidopsis Protoplast Assay to Facilitate Viroid Research

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