Serovar prevalence of Leptospira in semirural India and the development of an IgM-based indirect ELISA

Chandy, Sara; Lokeshwaran, Kirubanandhan; Hemavathy, P.; Khadeeja, Anees Mohammad; Kurian, Siby; Venkataraman, Krishnan; Mørch, Kristine; Mathai, Dilip; Manoharan, Anand

doi:10.3855/jidc.8067

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Another study from Mumbai has reported Pyrogenes, Icterohemorrhagiae, Bataviae, Pomona, Tarrassovi and Canicola as prevalent leptospira serovars in Mumbai 17 . A recent multicentric study from India has reported presence of serovars Australis, Automnalis, Pyrogenes, Janavica, Tarrasovi, Pomona, Hebdomadis, Interohaemorrhagiae and Canicola from different locations 18 . An interesting feature of the present study was demonstration of serovar Bakeri that belongs to Serogroup Tarassovi and species L. santarosai, in 69% of MAT positive cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis in Wardha District, Central India—Analysis of hospital based surveillance data

Deshmukh

Narang

Jain

et al. 2019

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Hospital-based surveillance of zoonotic diseases was carried out at a tertiary care hospital located in semi-arid zone in Central India. Here, we report descriptive epidemiology and climatic determinants of leptospirosis. All patients presenting with fever of 5 days and more were included in the study. We interviewed the subject to obtain data on socio-demographics. Blood samples were collected and IgM ELISA was carried out to diagnose leptospirosis. Microscopic agglutination test was performed at National Leptospirosis Reference Centre, Port Blair. Data on climatic conditions was obtained from Indian Meteorology Department and National Centre for Environmental Prediction. Time-series Poisson Regression analysis was carried out to study the climatic determinants. We found 12.7% of the study subjects positive for leptospirosis by IgM ELISA. Positivity was maximum (17.1%) in 41-60 years of age, more females were affected than males (14% vs 11.5%). Farm workers were affected more (17.2%) than non-farm workers performing service, business, household work etc. (10.9%). Positivity was more in monsoon as compared to other seasons. We found a single large hot cluster of leptospirosis in the middle of the district. Relative humidity in the month and rainfall in the previous month was the significant determinants of leptospirosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis in Wardha District, Central India—Analysis of hospital based surveillance data

Deshmukh

Narang

Jain

et al. 2019

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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“…The incidence of human leptospirosis has increased from 0.2 cases /100 000 people in 2005 to 1.0 cases /100 000 in 2015. It is a disease caused by Leptospira, a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium belonging to the Spirochaetaceae family [1,2,4,7,[29][30][31]. Seroepidemiological surveys carried out by the Institute of Public Health (IPH) in the period 1980-1990 in Albania have demonstrated a predominant circulation of species, Leptospira Pomona and Leptospira ichterohaemorrhagica [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis in Albania

Puca¹,

Pipero²,

Harxhi³

et al. 2018

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic spirochetal disease with global importance, which continues to have a major impact on public health in developing countries. The prevalence of the disease is much higher in males. The objectives of this study were: to give some data and to share our experience with human leptospirosis in Albania; to describe the prevalence regarding to the role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis; to make a gender specific analysis of the clinical manifestations in patients diagnosed and treated for leptospirosis in our service and to make a review of literature related to this hypothesis. Methodology: We reviewed the epidemiologic data, risk factors and differences in clinical presentation between males and females’ patients with leptospirosis. These data are analysed from hospitalized patients. Diagnosis of leptospirosis was established based on clinical presentation, epidemiological data and subsequently confirmed serologically by Anti-Leptospira IgM antibodies through ELISA test. Results: Between 2005-2016, 233 cases of confirmed leptospirosis were analysed. Males were 208 (89.27%) and 25 of patients (10.72%) were females in ratio 9:1 p < 0.001. The highest prevalence was observed in the 45-64 age groups. Overall mortality was found to be 8.58%, 19 were males and one female p < 0.001. Conclusions: There is a much higher prevalence of leptospirosis in middle aged men. Mortality rate seems to be similar in males and females. While the difference in prevalence may be related to exposure to risk factors, further investigation is necessary to study gender-based genetic and immunological predisposition.

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“…Although the full-length rLipL32 showed low sensitivity when compared to the CrLipL32, it showed less nonspecific binding in the MAT-negative samples, which suggests that this antigen is ideal for serodiagnosis at the present moment. Previous studies have reported higher sensitivity (90-95%) and specificity (83-90%) for this antigen in ELISA (Sun et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2013;Vedhagiri et al, 2013;Alizadeh et al, 2014;Chandy et al, 2017). In addition, the intact LipL32 showed higher sensitivity in detecting IgG response compared to C-terminus (100% vs 42%) both in the acute and convalescent serum samples of laboratory confirmed cases of leptospirosis (Hauk et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Determination of the immunogenic region in the LipL32 protein of Leptospira

Jumat

Rodrigues

Laribe

et al. 2018

APJMBB

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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the pathogenic species of Leptospira. The initial symptoms include fever, myalgia, nausea, skin rash, chills, and headache, which can be misdiagnosed. LipL32 is the highly conserved and abundant outer membrane protein (OMP) of Leptospira, which is used as an antigen in serodiagnostic assays. We used three in silico methods to predict the immunodominant regions in the full-length LipL32 protein. We identified three regions, namely the N-terminus (NrLipL32, amino acid sequence 20 th -120 th ), intermediate (amino acid sequence 120 th -150 th ), and C-terminus (CrLipL32, amino acid sequence 160 th -260 th ) regions. The full-length protein and two larger fragments were cloned into the pET22b plasmid and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The purified proteins were used as antigens in an ELISA to detect Leptospira-specific antibodies. The CrLipL32 ELISA showed the highest sensitivity for IgM (73.3%) and IgG (65%), followed by the full-length rLipL32 ELISA (IgM 68% and IgG 60%). The full-length rLipL32 ELISA showed high specificity (IgM 85% and IgG 75%), followed by the NrLipL32 ELISA (IgM 75% and IgG 60%). The intermediate fragment showed very low sensitivity (IgM 17% and IgG 2%). The sensitivity of the rLipL32 ELISA could be enhanced by adding other OMPs of Leptospira.

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Serovar prevalence of Leptospira in semirural India and the development of an IgM-based indirect ELISA

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Leptospirosis in Wardha District, Central India—Analysis of hospital based surveillance data

Leptospirosis in Wardha District, Central India—Analysis of hospital based surveillance data

The role of gender in the prevalence of human leptospirosis in Albania

Determination of the immunogenic region in the LipL32 protein of Leptospira

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