Serotyping, Genotyping, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofOrnithobacterium rhinotrachealeIsolates from Mexico

Abstract

The bacterium Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is associated with respiratory disease and septicemia in poultry. In this study, 9 reference strains and a total of 23 isolates of O. rhinotracheale from respiratory diseased poultry from Mexico were serotyped and genotyped. Furthermore, the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates and reference strains of O. rhinotracheale were determined. All isolates belong to serotype A and showed a clonal relationship. All reference strains and isolates were resistant to colistin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These results should eventually be helpful in planning strategies for the control of O. rhinotracheale infections in poultry in Mexico.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: An Update Review about An Emerging Poultry Pathogen

“…Many researchers have used serology to investigate ORT infections, but the results show wide variations. In the poultry industry, the presence of anti-ORT antibodies in chickens has been reported in many countries [2,15,22,24,27,28,36,37,41,52,[55][56][57]. Serology has advantages compared to bacterial isolation, since antibodies persist for several weeks after infection [5,12,53].…”

“…ORT resistance to cotrimoxazole has been reported in Mexico [55], Japan [41] and Brazil [10]. Resistance to ampicillin, ceftiofur, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, and enrofloxacin has also been observed in the Netherlands [79], the United States [80], and Hungary [81].…”

Phylogenetic relationship of <i>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</i> strains

“…Isolates of O. rhinotracheale can be classified into 18 agar gel precipitation (AGP) serovars (A through R), and serovar A is the most prevalent among chicken and turkey isolates [ 3 , 5 , 14 , 17 ]. Genotyping studies of O. rhinotracheale isolates obtained from poultry throughout the world have shown a small group of closely related clones [ 2 , 4 , 7 , 10 ]. Six electrophoretic types (ET) obtained by multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis have been recognized in O. rhinotracheale isolates from eight countries around the world [ 2 ].…”

“…All reference strains were sourced from the culture collection held at the University of Queensland, Australia. A total of eight well-characterized Mexican isolates of O. rhinotracheale [ 10 ], were included in the study. Bacteria were cultivated on 10% sheep blood agar at 37°C in a candle jar.…”

“…[ 2 ], the result is recorded as ? c) ERIC-PCR genotype=the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-type as previously defined [ 10 ]. d) Cluster assignment is based on Fig.…”