Serotypes and virulotypes of non-O157 shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) on bovine hides and carcasses

Monaghan, Áine; Byrne, Brian; Fanning, Séamus; Sweeney, T.; McDowell, D.A.; Bolton, Declan

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2012.06.002

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The presence of the stx1a gene variant in all 16 isolates and of the b variant of the gene encoding the intimin adhesin (eae gene) is identical to the report in the literature for O5 AE-STEC isolates from adult cattle (Monaghan et al, 2012;Lukinmaa-Aberg et al, 2013). Conversely, the stx2 gene was present in only two isolates and was identified to the stx2a and stx2d variants respectively, according to the Virulence Finder server database v1.2 of the CGE (Joensen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Identification of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli in diarrhoeic calves and comparative genomics of O5 bovine and human STEC

Fakih

Thiry

Duprez

et al. 2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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A B S T R A C TEscherichia coli producing Shiga toxins (Stx) and the attaching-effacing (AE) lesion (AE-STEC) are responsible for (bloody) diarrhoea in humans and calves while the enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) producing the AE lesion only cause non-bloody diarrhoea in all mammals. The purpose of this study was (i) to identify the pathotypes of enterohaemolysin-producing E. coli isolated between 2009 and 2013 on EHLY agar from less than 2 month-old diarrhoeic calves with a triplex PCR targeting the stx1, stx2, eae virulence genes; (ii) to serotype the positive isolates with PCR targeting the genes coding for ten most frequent and pathogenic human and calf STEC O serogroups; and (iii) to compare the MLSTypes and virulotypes of calf and human O5 AE-STEC after Whole Genome Sequencing using two server databases (www.genomicepidemiology.org). Of 233 isolates, 206 were triplex PCR-positive: 119 AE-STEC (58%), 78 EPEC (38%) and 9 STEC (4%); and the stx1+eae+ AE-STEC (49.5%) were the most frequent. Of them, 120 isolates (84% of AE-STEC, 23% of EPEC, 22% of STEC) tested positive with one O serogroup PCR: 57 for O26 (47.5%), 36 for O111 (30%), 10 for O103 (8%) and 8 for O5 (7%) serogroups. The analysis of the draft sequences of 15 O5 AE-STEC could not identify any difference correlated to the host. As a conclusion, (i) the AE-STEC associated with diarrhoea in young calves still belong to the same serogroups as previously (O5, O26, O111) but the O103 serogroup may be emerging, (ii) the O5 AE-STEC from calves and humans are genetically similar.2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Identification of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli in diarrhoeic calves and comparative genomics of O5 bovine and human STEC

Fakih

Thiry

Duprez

et al. 2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…Forty isolates representing 12 VTEC serotypes (O5:H-, O13:H2, O26:H11, O33:H11, O55:H11, O113:H4, O128:H8, O136:H12, O138:H48, O150:H2, O168:H8 and ONT:H11) and 15 serotype/virulotype combinations were identified (Monaghan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Data From Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on VTEC‐seropathotype and scientific criteria regarding pathogenicity assessment

Publication¹

2013

EFS2

137

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During 2007During -2010 545 confirmed human VTEC infections and 777 haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) cases were reported in the EU; isolates from 85 % of cases were not fully serotyped and therefore could not be classified using the Karmali seropathotype concept. Seropathotype group D covered 5 % of isolates from fully serotyped cases; 14 cases (0.7 %) belonged to seropathotype group E, defined by Karmali et al. (2003) as nonhuman only. Isolates from around 27 % of cases could not be assigned. There were no HUS cases reported for the serotypes in groups D and E but 17 HUS cases could not be assigned. The health outcome was reported for only a fraction of confirmed cases. About 64 % of patients presented with only diarrhoea; VTEC infection resulted in HUS in around 10 % of cases. The new ISO/TS 13136:2012 standard improves the detection of VTEC in food. An alternative concept based on the detection of verocytotoxins alone or genes encoding such verocytotoxins does not provide a sound scientific basis on which to assess risk to the consumer because there is no single or combination of marker(s) that fully define a "pathogenic" VTEC. Strains positive for verocytotoxin 2 gene (vtx2)-and eae (intimin production)-or [aaiC (secreted protein of EAEC) plus aggR (plasmid-encoded regulator)] genes are associated with higher risk of more severe illness than other virulence gene combinations. The 2011 O104:H4 outbreak demonstrated the difficulty of predicting the emergence of "new" pathogenic VTEC types by screening only for the eae gene or by focusing on a restricted panel of serogroups. A molecular approach utilising genes encoding virulence characteristics additional to the presence of vtx genes has been proposed. The approach adopted entailed a summary of the types of pathogenic E. coli which have been associated with cases of human disease, and the putative virulence factors therein; the use of data from the European Surveillance System (TESSy data) as provided by the ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) and data available in the EU Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Food-borne Outbreaks in 2011 for assessing the current situation regarding human infections with VTEC in the EU; a review of methods for the isolation and identification of VTEC, including detection of virulence factors and characterisation and typing of VTEC strains and virulence genes therein; hazard characterisation, including illnesses associated with VTEC and identification of predictive factors for VTEC that may contribute to human disease; evaluation of the seropathotype concept using the Karmali approach, a modification of the Karmali approach based on the health outcome of reported confirmed human VTEC cases in the EU during 2007-2010, and a molecular approach based on the identification of known or putative colonization genes and additional toxins; and finally exposure assessment, including EU monitoring data on occurrence of VTEC in RTE food. © EuropeanThe BIOHAZ Panel concluded ...

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“…In two studies conducted at a beef export abattoir in Ireland, the source of the cattle (i.e., beef or dairy) was not reported, but 100 cm 2 of hides and carcasses were sampled, and very low EHEC-6 prevalence was detected. In one of the studies, which did not include IMS as part of the protocol, only EHEC O26 was detected, and this serogroup was found in only 2 (0.4%) of 450 carcasses and 0 of 450 hides (49). In the other study from Ireland, IMS was used for EHEC O26, O103, O111, and O145, and of 402 hides and carcasses cultured, 1 hide was positive for O26 (0.2%) but no other EHEC-6 serogroups were found (65).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Level of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Culled Dairy Cows at Harvest

Stromberg

Lewis

Aly

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Protection

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The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and level of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 (collectively EHEC-6) plus EHEC O157 in fecal, hide, and preintervention carcass surface samples from culled dairy cows. Matched samples (n =300) were collected from 100 cows at harvest and tested by a culture-based method and two molecular methods: NeoSEEK STEC (NS) and Atlas STEC EG2 Combo. Both the culture and NS methods can be used to discriminate among the seven EHEC types (EHEC-7), from which the cumulative prevalence was inferred, whereas the Atlas method can discriminate only between EHEC O157 and non-O157 EHEC, without discrimination of the serogroup. The EHEC-7 prevalence in feces, hides, and carcass surfaces was 6.5, 15.6, and 1.0%, respectively, with the culture method and 25.9, 64.9, and 7.0%, respectively, with the NS method. With the Atlas method, the prevalence of non-O157 EHEC was 29.1, 38.3, and 28.0% and that of EHEC O157 was 29.1, 57.0, and 3.0% for feces, hides, and carcasses, respectively. Only two samples (a hide sample and a fecal sample) originating from different cows contained quantifiable EHEC. In both samples, the isolates were identified as EHEC O157, with 4.7 CFU/1,000 cm2 in the hide sample and 3.9 log CFU/g in the fecal sample. Moderate agreement was found between culture and NS results for detection of EHEC O26 (κ =0.58, P < 0.001), EHEC O121 (κ = 0.50, P < 0.001), and EHEC O157 (κ = 0.40, P < 0.001). No significant agreement was observed between NS and Atlas results or between culture and Atlas results. Detection of an EHEC serogroup in fecal samples was significantly associated with detection of the same EHEC serogroup in hide samples for EHEC O26 (P =0.001), EHEC O111 (P =0.002), EHEC O121 (P < 0.001), and EHEC-6 (P = 0.029) based on NS detection and for EHEC O121 (P < 0.001) based on detection by culture. This study provides evidence that non-O157 EHEC are ubiquitous on hides of culled dairy cattle and that feces are an important source of non-O157 EHEC hide contamination.

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Serotypes and virulotypes of non-O157 shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) on bovine hides and carcasses

Cited by 49 publications

References 79 publications

Identification of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli in diarrhoeic calves and comparative genomics of O5 bovine and human STEC

Identification of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli in diarrhoeic calves and comparative genomics of O5 bovine and human STEC

Scientific Opinion on VTEC‐seropathotype and scientific criteria regarding pathogenicity assessment

Prevalence and Level of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Culled Dairy Cows at Harvest

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