Serotype IV and Invasive Group BStreptococcusDisease in Neonates, Minnesota, USA, 2000–20101

Abstract

Serotype predominance has shifted, and drug resistance is emerging.

Epidemiological surveillance of colonising group B Streptococcus epidemiology in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley regions, Portugal (2005 to 2012): emergence of a new epidemic type IV/clonal complex 17 clone

“…The same scenario was observed among neonatal (2/64 cases; 3%) for the years 2000 to 2004 [12] and non-pregnant adult infections (2/225 cases; 1%) from 2001 to 2008 [14]. After 2010, reports from Brazil Ireland and the US [15][16][17][18] revealed an increased prevalence of serotype IV in colonisation and infection, suggesting the possibility that this serotype could be emerging as an important pathogen, as happened with serotype V during the 1990s [19].…”

“…This situation has changed in the last decade, when some countries, including the US, saw the emergence of serotype IV among colonising and invasive GBS isolates [15,16]. This scenario may become risky if the emergence of serotype IV combines with antibiotic resistance, which was the case in our study where co-resistance to second-line macrolide antibiotics was observed in recent years (2010-2012).…”

“…In this report we describe the annual serotype distribution and the antimicrobial susceptibility of colonising GBS isolated in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley region in Portugal from 2005 to 2012, revealing the increasing frequency of serotype IV and a novel serotype IV clone defined by its clonal complex (CC)17 hypervirulent lineage, recently identified in Taiwan, France and the US [10,16,20].…”

Group B streptococcus and respiratory syncytial virus immunisation during pregnancy: a landscape analysis

“…Type IV is recognized as an emerging cause of neonatal disease 33 . in infected human infants, will aid a full and mechanistic understanding of protective immunity in this age group.…”

Structure of the Type IX Group B Streptococcus Capsular Polysaccharide and Its Evolutionary Relationship with Types V and VII

“…For instance, the frequency of type V has increased in the last few years, whereas serotype IV has recently emerged as a cause of adult and neonatal invasive disease (8). Therefore, accurately monitoring the variation of this important target antigen is essential for predicting vaccine coverage.…”