Serotype and Genotype Distribution among Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Colombia, 2005–2010

Abstract

In Colombia, a laboratory-based surveillance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates as part of SIREVA II PAHO has been conducted since 1994. This study describes the serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic relationships of pneumococcal isolates recovered in Colombia from 2005 to 2010. In this study, demographic data of invasive S. pneumoniae isolates were analyzed, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. Pulse field gel electrophoresis (n = 629) and multilocus sequence typing (n = 10) were used to determine genetic relationship of isolates with minimal inhibitory concentration to penicillin ≥0.125 µg/mL. A total of 1775 isolates of S. pneumoniae were obtained. Fifteen serotypes accounted for 80.7% of isolates. Serotype 14 (23.1%) was the most frequent in the general population. Penicillin resistance was 30.7% in meningitis and 9.0% in non-meningitis. Clones Spain6BST90, Spain9VST156, Spain23FST81, and Colombia23FST338 were associated to isolates. Additionally, serotype 6A isolates were associated with ST460 and ST473, and 19A isolates with ST276, ST320, and ST1118. In conclusion, the surveillance program provided updated information of trends in serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance and the circulation of clones in invasive pneumococcal diseases. These results could be helpful to understand the epidemiology of S. pneumoniae in Colombia, and provide a baseline to measure the impact of vaccine introduction.

Temporal trends and clonal diversity of penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci from meningitis cases from 1996 to 2012, in Salvador, Brazil

“…It is also very important to point out the circulation of Colombia 23F -26 clone, ST338. This clonal group has also been reported in several countries [ 30 , 36 , 37 ]. Apart from these three clonal groups, the specific clonal structure of the PNSSP isolates was dominated by a few other clones (Fig.…”

“…In Asian countries invasive pneumococcal isolates remained highly resistant to macrolides, tetracycline, and TMP-SXZ each year [ 27 ]. In this study setting, we found a lower proportion (0.6 %) of isolates resistant to erythromycin in comparison with developed countries [ 28 , 29 ] other Latin American countries [ 30 ] and wealthier regions within Brazil [ 31 ]. This may be due to the relatively high cost of macrolides, which limits its use in clinical practice in low income population settings.…”

Molecular characterization of non-vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 11A, 15 B/C and 23A recovered from invasive isolates in Colombia

“…Subsequently, in 2010, the PCV10, which includes the seven serotypes of PCV7 and serotypes 1, 5 and 7F, was introduced (5). The benefits of introducing PCVs have been demonstrated by the high efficacy against vaccine serotypes (VT) in invasive diseases and in carriage (6).…”

Pneumococcal Burden in Hospitalized Adults in Bogotá, Colombia.

“…According to the United States Active Bacterial Core Surveillance, in 2010, the incidence of IPD in ≥ 65 year old adults was 36.4 cases per 100,000 [1]. In Latin America, it is estimated that every year, IPD is responsible for up to 28,000 deaths, 182,000 hospitalizations, and 1.4 million outpatient consults [2]. Annually, more than 10 billion dollars are expended in healthcare-associated costs in the United States alone due to IPD.…”

“…Thus, pneumococcal infections have been considered as a public health care problem. Importantly, mortality due to IPD in adults has remained steady even after the extensive usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics and better vaccination coverage in children [2][3][4].…”