Serotype 1 and 2 Bovine Noroviruses Are Endemic in Cattle in the United Kingdom and Germany

Oliver, Stefan L.; Wood, EN; Asobayire, E.; Wathes, D C; Brickell, J. S.; Elschner, Mandy C.; Otto, Peter; Lambden, Paul R.; Clarke, Ian N.; Bridger, Janice C.

doi:10.1128/jcm.02015-06

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…No HuNoV sequences were identified despite the use of two primer sets designed for their detection, suggesting at least a very low prevalence of these human viruses in cattle. Despite the variety of the primers used in the present study, the lack of detection of the genotype 1 BoNoV could be explained by suboptimal primer use for the RT-PCR (Oliver et al, 2007b). The age of the cattle population studied was also suggested as an explanation for the lower detection of genogroup III genotype 1 NoV (Oliver et al, 2007b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Despite the variety of the primers used in the present study, the lack of detection of the genotype 1 BoNoV could be explained by suboptimal primer use for the RT-PCR (Oliver et al, 2007b). The age of the cattle population studied was also suggested as an explanation for the lower detection of genogroup III genotype 1 NoV (Oliver et al, 2007b). As RT-PCR primers used in this study only target the viral polymerase region and thus miss potential recombinant strains, the possibility that some positive samples contained chimaeric bovine noroviruses could be another explanation for the low apparent prevalence of GIII.1 noroviruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…But the real impact of these viruses in the field is currently poorly evaluated. The two genotypes of BoNoV were recently shown to be endemic in Great Britain and Germany (Oliver et al, 2007b). They were also isolated in all continents and thus seem to be widespread (Scipioni et al, 2008b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological study of bovine norovirus infection by RT-PCR and a VLP-based antibody ELISA

Mauroy

Scipioni

Mathijs

et al. 2009

Veterinary Microbiology

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genotype 2 bovine noroviruses rose in the first 6 months of life and were maintained in adults. 29Together the results of virus prevalence and seroprevalence studies suggest that bovine 30 norovirus infection occurs early in life and that re-infection with serologically related bovine 31 noroviruses strains could occur in adult cattle as reported for rotaviruses. The antibody rise 32 against genotype 2 bovine noroviruses in the adult cattle also suggests a short lived and/or 33 strain specific immunity as already shown in human noroviruses. Genotype 2 bovine 34 noroviruses are endemic in the region investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epidemiological study of bovine norovirus infection by RT-PCR and a VLP-based antibody ELISA

Mauroy

Scipioni

Mathijs

et al. 2009

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…A recent serological study indicates that both Newbury2-like (GIII/2) and Jena-like (GIII/1) strains are common in the United Kingdom and Germany (Oliver et al, 2007b). However, cross reactions between shared epitopes of different genogroups and genotypes of noroviruses, which may complicate the assessment of serological surveys, have been described (Batten et al, 2006;Oliver et al, 2006b;Shiota et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SYBR Green based real-time RT-PCR assay for detection and genotype prediction of bovine noroviruses and assessment of clinical significance in Norway

Jor

Myrmel

Jonassen

2010

Journal of Virological Methods

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A novel SYBR Green based real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of genogroup III bovine noroviruses (BoNoV) was developed and the assay applied to 419 faecal samples from calves with and without diarrhoea. The samples were obtained from 190 Norwegian dairy and beef herds. BoNoV was detected in 49.6% of the samples from 61.1% of the herds indicating that BoNoV is ubiquitous in Norway. The overall prevalence was not significantly different in diarrhoea and non-diarrhoea samples. Analyses of polymerase gene sequences revealed both genotype III/1 and III/2 with genotype III/2 (Newbury2-like) being the most prevalent. Detected capsid sequences were restricted to Newbury2-like and the chimeric Bo/Thirsk10/00/UK strain. The RNA polymerase genotypes of the circulating BoNoVs in Norway were predicted by melting temperature analysis. Additional data from a challenge experiment suggest that a high proportion of young calves are shedding low levels of BoNoV for a prolonged time after recovering from the associated diarrhoea. The findings may explain some of the discrepancies in detection rates from previous studies and explain why some studies have failed to detect significant prevalence differences between calves with and without diarrhoea. It may also shed new light on some epidemiological aspects of norovirus infections.

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“…More recent studies with more specific and sensitive detection reagents have shown that NoVs are frequent in husbandry animals worldwide (14,18,48,49,53,65,68,73). The existence of animal NoVs is relevant in several ways.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assembly of the Recombinant Capsid Protein of a Swine Norovirus into Virus-Like Particles and Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibodies Cross-Reactive with a Human Strain from Genogroup II

Almanza¹,

Cubillos²,

Ângulo³

et al. 2008

J Clin Microbiol

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Noroviruses (NoVs) are responsible for the majority of gastroenteritis outbreaks in humans. Recently, NoV strains which are genetically closely related to human genogroup II (GII) NoVs have been detected in fecal specimens from swine. These findings have raised concern about the possible role of pigs as reservoirs for NoVs that could infect humans. To better understand the epidemiology of swine NoVs in both the swine and the human populations, rapid immunoassays are needed. In this study, baculovirus recombinants were generated to express the capsid gene of a swine NoV GII genotype 11 (GII.11) strain which self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs). Subsequently, the purified VLPs were used to evoke monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in mice. A panel of eight promising MAbs was obtained and evaluated for their ability to bind to heterologous VLPs, denaturated antigens, and truncated capsid proteins. The MAbs could be classified into two groups: two MAbs that recognized linear epitopes located at the amino-terminal half (shell domain) of the swine NoV GII.11 VLPs and that cross-reacted with human GII.4 NoV VLPs. The other six MAbs bound to conformational epitopes and did not cross-react with the human GII.4 VLPs. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the characterization of MAbs against swine NoVs. The swine NoV VLPs and the MAbs described here may be further used for the design of diagnostic reagents that could help increase our knowledge of the prevalence of NoV infections in pigs and the possible role of pigs as reservoirs for NoVs.

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Serotype 1 and 2 Bovine Noroviruses Are Endemic in Cattle in the United Kingdom and Germany

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Epidemiological study of bovine norovirus infection by RT-PCR and a VLP-based antibody ELISA

Epidemiological study of bovine norovirus infection by RT-PCR and a VLP-based antibody ELISA

SYBR Green based real-time RT-PCR assay for detection and genotype prediction of bovine noroviruses and assessment of clinical significance in Norway

Self-Assembly of the Recombinant Capsid Protein of a Swine Norovirus into Virus-Like Particles and Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibodies Cross-Reactive with a Human Strain from Genogroup II

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