Serotonin induces melanogenesis via serotonin receptor 2A

Lee, H.J.; Park, M.K.; Kim, S.Y.; Choo, Hyunah; Lee, A.Y.; Lee, C.H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10490.x

Cited by 49 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Among them, a-MSH and ACTH were identified as key intrinsic factors that induce pigmentation (Yamaguchi and Hearing, 2009) through upregulating tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 via the mediation of MITF. Recently, a report has revealed that serotonin induced melanogenesis through serotonin receptor 2A (Lee et al, 2011). In contrast, there are some biological factors that interfere with pigmentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Liver X Receptor Activation Inhibits Melanogenesis through the Acceleration of ERK-Mediated MITF Degradation

Lee

Park

Han

et al. 2013

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation. In the skin, activation of LXRs stimulates differentiation of keratinocytes and augments lipid synthesis in sebocytes. However, the function of LXRs in melanocytes remains largely unknown. We investigated whether LXR activation would affect melanogenesis. In human primary melanocytes, MNT-1, and B16 melanoma cells, TO901317, a synthetic LXR ligand, inhibited melanogenesis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments revealed the dominant role of LXRβ in TO901317-mediated antimelanogenesis. Enzymatic activities of tyrosinase were unaffected, but the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2 was suppressed by TO901317. Expressions of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a master transcriptional regulator of melanogenesis, and cAMP-responsive element-binding activation were not affected. It is noteworthy that the degradation of MITF was accelerated by TO901317. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) contributed to TO901317-induced antimelanogenesis, which was evidenced by recovery of melanogenesis with ERK inhibitor. Other LXR ligands, 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22(R)HC) and GW3965, also activated ERK and suppressed melanogenesis. The intermediary role of Ras was confirmed in TO901317-induced ERK phosphorylation. Finally, antimelanogenic effects of TO901317 were confirmed in vivo in UVB-tanning model in brown guinea pigs, providing a previously unreported line of evidence that LXRs may be important targets for antimelanogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Liver X Receptor Activation Inhibits Melanogenesis through the Acceleration of ERK-Mediated MITF Degradation

Lee

Park

Han

et al. 2013

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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“…These regulations, particularly the induction of androgen by MAOA, may be an important underlying clue for the expression and function of MAOA in PCa distinct from other types of cancer. Moreover, serotonin, a monoamine neurotransmitter degraded preferentially by MAOA, has been shown to act as a growth factor for several types of cancer (47,48), including melanoma (49) and cholangiocarcinoma (50). Inhibition of MAOA by clorgyline, which elevated serotonin levels, showed protection of melanoma cells against cell death (51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoamine oxidase A mediates prostate tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis

Wu¹,

Shao²,

Li³

et al. 2014

J. Clin. Invest.

185

249

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“…Skin cells express mRNA encoding 5-HT receptors, 5-HT 1A, -1B, -2A, -2B, -2C, and -7 receptor. 14,15) 5-HT 2A receptor was reported participating in the regulatory processes of 5-HT on melanogenesis. 16) Our preliminary study also found that 5-HT 1A receptor took a vital part in 'brain-skin connection' to regulate skin pigmentation. 17) It has been reported that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is highly expressed in the lesions of vitiligo patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Interferon-γ Attenuates 5-Hydroxytryptamine-Induced Melanogenesis in Primary Melanocyte

Zhou

Ling

Ping

2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Interferon-γ (IFN-γKey words interferon-γ (IFN-γ); 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT); cross-talk; melanogenesis; migration Skin is the largest organ in human body, which plays a role as biologically active barrier to the external environment. It acts not only as a target for neuroendocrine signals but also a source of hormones and neurotransmitters, particularly the epidermis.1) Epidermis and dermis are the two main parts of skin. Epidermal melanocytes, derived from the neural crest, can produce melanin to absorb ultraviolet radiation and provide photoprotection.2) Melanin is synthesized in melanosomes, which are specialized lysosomerelated organelle (LRO) of pigment cells devoting to the biosynthesis, storage and transport of melanin.3) Melanosomes undergo 4 maturation stages, each characterized by unique ultrastructural morphology and melanin content. 4,5) The principal role of the melanocyte is to produce the pigment within melanosomes and to transfer these organelles to upwards of 40 keratinocytes, which are neighboring melanocyte to constitute the 'epidermal melanin unit.' Melanocyte transport melanosomes from the formation site in the cell center to the principal site of transfer at dendritic tips. Accomplishing this feat, melanocyte needs to couple long-range, bidirectional microtubule-dependent transport of melanosomes along the length of dendrites with the capture and local movement of the organelles in actin-rich dendritic tips by the actin-based motor protein myosin Va. 5,6) Studies have shown that there are four possible mechanisms described for melanosome transfer, including the cytophagocytosis model, membrane fusion model, shedding-phagocytosis model and exocytosis-endocytosis model. 6) In addition, multifarious signaling pathways and transcription factors firmly manage melanocyte migration. These proteins and pathways provide and integrate signals to create the proper environment for its normal development and migration. 2)Melanin biosynthesis process is under a complex control mediated by multiple elements through different pathways. A series of pigment cell-specific melanosomal proteins are responsible for melanogenesis, such as tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT). 7-9) Skin cells can produce hormones, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides and corresponding functional receptors, owing to which constitute the cutaneous equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.10,11) It has recently uncovered that cutaneous expression of the biochemical machinery involved in the sequential transformation of L-tryptophan to serotonin and melatonin. 12,13) Serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter whose actions are mediated via an interaction with receptors, including seven families (5-HT 1-7 receptors) with at least 21 subtypes. Skin cells express mRNA encoding 5-HT receptors, 5-HT 1A, -1B, -2A, -2B, -2C, and -7 receptor.14,15) 5-HT 2A receptor was reported participating in the regulatory processes of 5-HT on melanogenesis.16) Our preli...

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Serotonin induces melanogenesis via serotonin receptor 2A

Abstract: 5-HTR2A is involved in melanogenesis. These findings highlight the role of 5-HT and suggest new ways of controlling melanogenesis.

Cited by 49 publications

References 13 publications

Liver X Receptor Activation Inhibits Melanogenesis through the Acceleration of ERK-Mediated MITF Degradation

Liver X Receptor Activation Inhibits Melanogenesis through the Acceleration of ERK-Mediated MITF Degradation

Monoamine oxidase A mediates prostate tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis

Interferon-γ Attenuates 5-Hydroxytryptamine-Induced Melanogenesis in Primary Melanocyte

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