Serotonin acts as an up-regulator of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 in human monocyte–macrophages

Reduced Albuminuria with Sarpogrelate Is Accompanied by a Decrease in Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Levels in Type 2 Diabetes

“…In monocytes, serotonin enhances the expression of cholesterol acyltransferase-1 via the 5-HT 2A receptor pathway, thereby increasing the intracellular accumulation of cholesterol ester (33). This would lead to foam formation of macrophages from monocytes.…”

Possible Pivotal Role of Latent Chronic T. gondii Infection in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

“…However, there is still controversy regarding the effects of 5-HT on endothelial cell proliferation [489] . Finally, Suguro et al [490] found that 5-HT increased ACAT-1 activity in a concentration-dependent manner in primary monocyte culture, and suggested that 5-HT may play an important role in macrophage-derived foam cell formation. It must be noted that hyperserotoninemia has been reported in autistic and mentally retarded children [491,492] , as well as in the first degree relatives of these children [493,494] , and notably, Prandota et al [495] found a significant association between autism and T. gondii infection (c 2 = 8.11, p < 0.0043; OR = 7.2; 95% CI: 1.56-33.7).…”

“…When cholesterol is in overabundance, such as in arterial macrophages during atherogenesis, ACAT1 may promote enough lipid storage to induce conversion of macrophages to lipid-laden foam cells [184] . ACAT1is a dominant isoenzyme in monocyte-macrophages [181,188] , which plays an essential role in atherosclerotic plaque formation as well as in oxLDL-induced VSMC foam cell build-up [189,190] . Expression of ACAT1 and ACAT2 significantly increased after differentiation of monocytes to macrophages [152,191] .…”

“…5-HT stimulated monocyte adhesion [484,634] , and enhanced macrophage foam cell formation with increased uptake of oxLDL (protein concentration 10-75 mg/L) [188,635] . Suguro et al [188] found that during differentiation of cultured human monocyte into macrophages expression of ACAT1 protein increased in a time-dependent manner. Serotonin increased ACAT1 activity in a concentration-dependent manner also in primary monocyte culture.…”

Roles of Serotonin in Atherothrombosis and Related Diseases

“…Serotonin stimulates monocyte adhesion (Lorenowicz et al, 2006), and enhances macrophage foam cell formation associated with increased uptake of oxidized LDL (Aviram et al, 1992) and up-regulation of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) through 5-HT 2A receptors (Suguro et al, 2006).…”