Serotonergic and octopaminergic systems in the squat lobster Munida quadrispina (anomura, galatheidae)

Abstract

Immunocytochemical mapping of serotonergic and octopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system of the squat lobster Munida quadrispina reveal approximately 120 serotonin-immunoreactive cell bodies (distributed throughout the neuromeres except in abdominal ganglion 5) and 48 octopamine-immunoreactive cell bodies (in brain and thoracic neuromeres but none in the circumesophageal or abdominal ganglia). Immunopositive neuropils for both amines are distributed in multiple areas in each neuromere and overlap extensively. Serotonergic and octopaminergic neurons have extensive bilateral projections in abdominal ganglia, whereas the majority of projections in thoracic and subesophageal ganglia are unilateral (contralateral to soma). This difference correlates with typical differences between abdominal and thoracic motor system coordination. Processes of immunoreactive cells for both amines form extensive, peripheral, neurosecretory-like structures. Serotonin seems to be released peripherally in more segments, and from more nerves per segment, than octopamine. M. quadrispina has fewer serotonergic and octopaminergic immunoreactive cells, in particular, fewer segmentally repeated cells, than other species studied to date. Nevertheless, the general organization of the aminergic systems is similar, and several aminergic cells have locations and morphologies that strongly suggest homology with identified aminergic cells in other crustaceans. Among these are segmentally repeated neurons that, in M. quadrispina, form serotonin-immunopositive tubular structures in the thoracic hemiganglia innervating pereiopods 1-3 that are unlike anything reported previously for any species. Comparisons of immunocytochemical maps within one species and between species exhibiting different behaviors provide insights into possible sites of action, functional differences between, and evolution of biogenic aminergic systems.

Hormone complement of the Cancer productus sinus gland and pericardial organ: An anatomical and mass spectrometric investigation

“…It should also be noted that we did not assay either structure for octopamine. This molecule has been identified as a PO/ thoracic root-derived hormone in other crustaceans (Evans et al, 1976a,b;Kravitz et al, 1976;Livingstone et al, 1981;Schneider et al, 1993;Heinrich et al, 2000;Antonsen and Paul, 2001), so it may be among the complement of amines present in the neuroendocrine organs of C. productus.…”

Distribution and changes of serotonin and dopamine levels in the central nervous system and ovary of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, during ovarian maturation cycle

“…Moreover, the MFB, CFB, and LFB are immunopositive within the series of thoracic ganglia. The MFB and LFB extend through the nerve cord from the SEG to A6, whereas the CFB is particularly distinct within the anterior thoracic ganglia (T1-T2) but cannot be traced within the T4 and T5 (Antonsen and Paul 2001). In the freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii, about seventy 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons, numerous fibers, and neuropils have been detected within the brain and ventral nerve cord.…”

“…5-HTimmunoreactive neurons and fibers have been reported to be distributed in the CNS of the squat lobster, Munida quadrispina (Antonsen and Paul 2001), the American lobster, Homarus americanus (Beltz and Kravitz 1983), the red swamp crayfish, P. clarkii (Real and Czternasty 1990;Tierney et al 1999), and the yabby, Cherax destructor (Sandeman et al 1988). Moreover, DAimmunoreactive neurons have been detected in several regions of the brain of the European lobster, H. gammarus (Cournil et al 1994), the spiny lobster, P. argus (Schmidt and Ache 1994), several crayfish species (Tierney et al 2003), the giant freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii (Tinikul et al 2009b), and the blue crab Callinectes sapidus (Wood and Derby 1996).…”

“…The biogenic amines, including serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) that have been detected in the central nervous system (CNS) of crustaceans, are believed to regulate the synthesis and release of the neurohormones of the XO-SG complex (Ridchardson et al 1991;Fingerman et al 1994;Tinikul et al 2009a, b). In addition, these two neurotransmitters are involved in other physiological processes, including fighting behavior, escape, and tail-flipping behaviors (Antonsen and Paul 2001;Beltz 1999;Sarojini et al 1995a). Several previous studies have reported the positive effects of 5-HT on gonadal maturation in many decapod crustaceans, including the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Kulkarni et al 1992), the Pacific white shrimp, L. vannamei (Vaca and Alfaro 2000), the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon , the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Meeratana et al 2006;Tinikul et al 2009a), and the Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus (Santhoshi et al 2009).…”

Projection and local interneurons in the sixth abdominal ganglion of the sand crab Emerita analoga (Hippidae)

“…Structural changes in a network, i.e., additions or deletions of neurons and changes in synaptic wiring, correlated with behavioral evolution, are difficult to identify. Evolutionary losses of identified neurons have been documented in crustaceans whose behaviors clearly differ from those of their ancestors (Antonsen and Paul, 2001;Paul et al, 2002;Paul, 2003), but whether they were the cause or result of the behavioral change in the lineages in question is not easily recognized. Neural differences without apparent behavioral differences in closely related species are also possible (Wilson and Paul, 1987).…”