Serosurveillance and Molecular Investigation of Wild Deer in Australia Reveals Seroprevalence of Pestivirus Infection

Huaman, Jose L.; Pacioni, Carlo; Forsyth, David M.; Pople, Anthony; Hampton, Jordan O.; Carvalho, Teresa G.; Helbig, Karla J.

doi:10.3390/v12070752

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(78 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A thorough understanding of the diversity of viruses, their transmission routes, and their tropism in wild deer provides epidemiologic baseline information about potential pathogenic threats for humans, domestic animals, and other wildlife species. The present study complements our initial work about the viral investigation in wild deer across multiple geographic locations in Australia [ 29 ]. Picobirnaviruses were detected via deep sequencing analysis of a small group of deer serum and plasma samples, with subsequent molecular screening being performed in a range of specimens collected from wild deer in southeastern Australia, as well as in faecal samples from cattle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Picobirnavirus in Wild Deer and Cattle from Australia: Evidence of Genogroup I and II in the Upper Respiratory Tract

Huaman

Pacioni

Sarker

et al. 2021

Viruses

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) have been detected in several species of animals worldwide; however, data pertaining to their presence in Australian wild and domestic animals are limited. Although PBVs are mostly found in faecal samples, their detection in blood and respiratory tract samples raises questions concerning their tropism and pathogenicity. We report here PBV detection in wild deer and cattle from southeastern Australia. Through metagenomics, the presence of PBV genogroups I (GI) and II (GII) were detected in deer serum and plasma. Molecular epidemiology studies targeting the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene were performed in a wide range of specimens (serum, faeces, spleen, lung, nasal swabs, and trachea) collected from wild deer and cattle, with PCR amplification obtained in all specimen types except lung and spleen. Our results reveal the predominance of GI and concomitant detection of both genogroups in wild deer and cattle. In concordance with other studies, the detected GI sequences displayed high genetic diversity, however in contrast, GII sequences clustered into three distinct clades. Detection of both genogroups in the upper respiratory tract (trachea and nasal swab) of deer in the present study gives more evidence about the respiratory tract tropism of PBV. Although much remains unknown about the epidemiology and tropism of PBVs, our study suggests a wide distribution of these viruses in southeastern Australia.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…This study used samples collected as part of a disease investigation in Australian wild deer [ 29 ]. Briefly, blood samples were collected during culling of fallow deer ( Dama dama ) in the Liverpool Plains and rusa deer ( Rusa timorensis ) at Wollongong, New South Wales ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Picobirnavirus in Wild Deer and Cattle from Australia: Evidence of Genogroup I and II in the Upper Respiratory Tract

Huaman

Pacioni

Sarker

et al. 2021

Viruses

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…BEFV is considered endemic and known to cause an epizootic disease in many regions, such as East Asia [45], Japan [19,24], China [16,27], the Philippines [28], Thailand [6], Taiwan [21,31,44], Australia [15,17], India [38], Israel [11,47], Jordan [20], Iran [3,5], Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [50], South Africa [37], and Turkey [9,36]. For example, previous studies performed in Australian deer reported serological evidence for BEFV in red deer [12] and another study conducted in Australia demonstrated that all samples screened in wild deer were PCR-negative for BEFV, although BEFV is endemic in Australia [22]. Serological evidence of BEFV has also been reported in a variety of species, including cattle [1,13,30,48,49], water buffalo, gazelle, Persian fallow deer [4], and yak [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Exposure among Sheep and Goats in South Korea

Hwang

Yeh

2021

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne virus classified as a type species of the genus Ephemerovirus, family Rhabdoviridae. BEFV is the causative agent of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF), a non-contagious disease of acute febrile clinical signs in cattle and water buffalo. Some species might act as reservoir hosts, and antibodies to BEFV have also been found in asymptomatic sheep, goats, pigs, and many wild animals. This study aimed to conduct a retrospective cross-sectional serological screening in South Korea to address BEFV seroprevalence and identify risk factors for becoming seropositive for the virus in sheep and goats. Materials, Methods & Results: The apparent prevalence rates were considered to be the animal-level prevalence, defined as the proportion of serum neutralization test (SNT)-positive animals out of the total number of animals tested in the study area, and flock prevalence was defined as the proportion of SNT-positive flocks out of the total number of tested flocks in the area. A flock was classified as positive if at least one animal was SNT-positive. At the national level in 2011, 28 of 177 flocks (15.8%; 95% CI, 11.2−21.9%) and 71 of 498 heads (14.3%, 95% CI: 11.5-17.6%) that were analyzed showed serum neutralizing antibodies against BEFV. Our results revealed that age class, vector control, and geographic location affected seroprevalence to differing extents. In the univariate analysis, older age was a significant risk factor (OR, 2.327; 95% CI, 1.147-4.721; P = 0.017 in adults). The management risk factor attributes showed that preventive measures, such as routine application of insecticides in farms, decreased the odds of seropositivity for BEFV (OR, 0.514; 95% CI, 0.267-0.991; P = 0.044). Vector control was a significant protective factor, while animal species, flock size, and flock structure were not significantly associated. Differences in seroprevalence between variations in the presence of ruminant farms, lakes, or rice paddies within a 1-km radius or type of land use were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). We observed a significant difference in the individual likelihood of being positive in the southern provinces with respect to that in the northern provinces (OR, 2.166; 95% CI, 1.228-3.824; P = 0.007). Differences in seroprevalence between variations in the eastern and western regions were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The retrospective study results showed that the virus was widely distributed in sheep and goats in South Korea, with seropositive rates ranging from 7.8% to 19.7% between 2003 and 2008.Discussion: This is the first report of circulating antibodies against BEFV in sheep and goats in South Korea. The serological prevalence of BEFV infection in sheep and goats was significantly different between different age cohorts, vector control, and geographical locations: it was higher in the older group and the southern and western regions of South Korea. Determination of seropositivity rates often leads to an understanding of virus circulation dynamics and is useful in the formulation of disease control measures. Our results demonstrated that vector control was a significant protective factor; therefore, the summer control of vectors could be better implemented in provinces with elevated seropositivity rates. The results of this seroprevalence study may serve as a basis for future epidemiological studies on BEFV infection in South Korea.

show abstract

“…It has been widely reported that multiple deer species (red deer, white-tailed etc., both wild and farmed) are susceptible to BVDV infections with many prevalence studies identifying animals positive for BVDV antibodies. While the numbers sampled have generally been small, seroprevalence studies have detected antibodies to BVDV in the range of 3% of deer from the eastern seaboard of Australia [ 94 ] to 63.5% in Mexican white tailed deer [ 95 ]. In addition, deer identified as positive for antibodies to BVDV have been detected in countries including Austria [ 96 ], New Zealand [ 97 ], Denmark [ 98 ], Spain [ 99 ], Germany [ 100 ], the UK [ 101 ] and the US [ 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ].…”

Section: Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus In Non-bovine Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Bovine Species and the Risk to Effective Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) in Cattle

Reichel

2021

Pathogens

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an economically important and highly prevalent virus of domestic cattle. Infections with BVDV may lead to both, reproductive and immunological effects that can result in widespread calf losses and increased susceptibility to diseases, such as mastitis and respiratory disease. While BVDV is generally considered to be host specific, it and other Pestivirus species, such as Border disease virus (BDV) in sheep, have been shown to be infecting species other than those from which they were originally isolated from. Recently BVDV was placed on the OIE’s list of notifiable disease and control and eradication programmes for BVDV have been developed throughout much of Europe, the United States, and the United Kingdom. While some countries, including Sweden and Ireland have successfully implemented eradication programmes, other countries such as New Zealand and Australia are still in the early stages of BVDV control. Despite effective control methods, incursions of BVDV into previously cleared herds still occur. While the cause of these incursions is often due to lapses in control methods, the ability of ruminant pestiviruses to infect species other than cattle poses the question as to whether non-bovine species could be impeding the success of BVDV eradication and control. As such, the aim of this review is to make mention of what is known about the cross-species transmission of BVDV, BDV and other pestiviruses between cattle and non-bovine ungulate species and draw conclusions as to the risk non-bovine species pose to the successful control and eradication of BVDV from cattle.

show abstract

Serosurveillance and Molecular Investigation of Wild Deer in Australia Reveals Seroprevalence of Pestivirus Infection

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Picobirnavirus in Wild Deer and Cattle from Australia: Evidence of Genogroup I and II in the Upper Respiratory Tract

Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Picobirnavirus in Wild Deer and Cattle from Australia: Evidence of Genogroup I and II in the Upper Respiratory Tract

Epidemiological Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Exposure among Sheep and Goats in South Korea

Non-Bovine Species and the Risk to Effective Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) in Cattle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About