Seroprevalences of Newly Discovered Porcine Pestiviruses in German Pig Farms

Michelitsch, Anna; Dalmann, Anja; Wernike, Kerstin; Reimann, Ilona; Beer, Martin

doi:10.3390/vetsci6040086

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Other important methods that are used to assist in the diagnosis of infectious diseases are serological tests. The tests described for APPV infection are IFI [59], virus neutralization [55], and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to the NS3, E2, and E rns proteins [50,55,58,61]. These tests have many important applications, and they can be used for population-based epidemiological studies and monitoring of infection in the herd; the tests also feature easy execution and low cost.…”

Section: Diagnostic Methods Of Appvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, in this same study, the highest (17.5%; 35/200) prevalence of positive samples was in Italy. Michelitsch et al [59], by indirect immunofluorescence test (IFI), found an antibody prevalence of 16.3% (182/1115) in pig serum samples in Germany. In Switzerland, 1080 sera from pigs for slaughter, which were obtained between 1986 and 2018, were evaluated by qRT-PCR, and the APPV genome was detected in 13% [77].…”

Section: Epidemiology and Implications In Pig Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the United States, APPV was first identified by NGS in pig serum samples collected in 2014 from five different states [ 1 ]. In subsequent years, several studies from different countries reported the circulation of APPV in the US [ 1 , 2 , 51 , 54 , 56 ], Germany [ 53 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ], Netherlands [ 10 ], Sweden [ 62 ], Austria [ 50 ], England [ 63 ], China [ 38 , 42 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 61 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ], Spain [ 41 , 74 ], South Korea [ 75 ], Brazil [ 16 , 48 , 49 , 76 ], Great Britain [ 61 ], Italy [ 43 , 61 ], Serbia [ 61 ], Switzerland [ 61 , 77 ], Taiwan [ 61 ], Canada [ 52 ], and Hungary [ 78 ].…”

Section: Atypical Porcine Pestivirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pestivirus K (Atypical Porcine Pestivirus): Update on the Virus, Viral Infection, and the Association with Congenital Tremor in Newborn Piglets

Agnol

Alfieri

2020

Viruses

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The atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) belongs to the species Pestivirus K of the genus Pestivirus and the family Flaviviridae, and it has been associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in newborn piglets. Although APPV was discovered in 2015, evidence shows that APPV has circulated in pig herds for many years, at least since 1986. Due to the frequently reported outbreaks of CT on different continents, the importance of this virus for global pig production is notable. Since 2015, several studies have been conducted to clarify the association between APPV and CT. However, some findings regarding APPV infection and the measures taken to control and prevent the spread of this virus need to be contextualized to understand the infection better. This review attempts to highlight advances in the understanding of APPV associated with type A-II CT, such as etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and control and prevention measures, and also describes the pathophysiology of the infection and its consequences for pig production. Further research still needs to be conducted to elucidate the host’s immune response to APPV infection, the control and prevention of this infection, and the possible development of vaccines.

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Section: Diagnostic Methods Of Appvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiology and Implications In Pig Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atypical Porcine Pestivirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pestivirus K (Atypical Porcine Pestivirus): Update on the Virus, Viral Infection, and the Association with Congenital Tremor in Newborn Piglets

Agnol

Alfieri

2020

Viruses

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“…The virus was isolated for the first time in 2003 from a large Australian integrated pig farm during an outbreak of sudden death in young pigs, followed by an increase in stillbirth [2,3]. Although BuPV represents a potential threat to commercial pig farming, it has not yet been reported from any other region or country [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Round Infectious Particle Production by DNA-Launched Infectious Clones of Bungowannah Pestivirus

Dalmann

Wernike

Snijder

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Reverse genetics systems are powerful tools for functional studies of viral genes or for vaccine development. Here, we established DNA-launched reverse genetics for the pestivirus Bungowannah virus (BuPV), where cDNA flanked by a hammerhead ribozyme sequence at the 5′ end and the hepatitis delta ribozyme at the 3′ end was placed under the control of the CMV RNA polymerase II promoter. Infectious recombinant BuPV could be rescued from pBuPV-DNA-transfected SK-6 cells and it had very similar growth characteristics to BuPV generated by conventional RNA-based reverse genetics and wild type BuPV. Subsequently, DNA-based ERNS deleted BuPV split genomes (pBuPV∆ERNS/ERNS)—co-expressing the ERNS protein from a separate synthetic CAG promoter—were constructed and characterized in vitro. Overall, DNA-launched BuPV genomes enable a rapid and cost-effective generation of recombinant BuPV and virus mutants, however, the protein expression efficiency of the DNA-launched systems after transfection is very low and needs further optimization in the future to allow the use e.g., as vaccine platform.

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“…Besides horizontal transmission through oronasal pathway, APPV could also be vertically transmitted by transplacental infection [4,5]. One retrospective study showed that 41.8% (51/122) sampled pig farms and 16.3% (182/1115) porcine serum samples could be detected antibodies against APPV in Germany [28]. The infection rate of piglets born from infected sows could reach 16%-100%, the mortality rate of piglets from infected herds could reach 30%, and the survival rate of weanling piglets could drop 10% per sow, showing that APPV could cause huge economic losses to pig industry [7,29].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and genetic diversity of atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) from piglets with congenital tremor in Guangxi province, Southern China

Shi

Xie

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) was identified and associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in new born piglets and has been reported in many countries around the world since 2015. In China, the first APPV infection in swine herds was reported in Guangdong province in 2016.To investigate the genetic characteristics of APPV from Guangxi province seated in Southern China, the full-length sequences of APPV strains were amplified and analyzed.Results: Tissue samples from neonatal piglets with CT from Guangxi province were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). APPV positive samples were amplified, cloned and sequenced, and the complete genomic sequences of five APPV strains were obtained.Sequence analysis revealed that all six APPV strains from Guangxi province, including five strains from this study and one from other researchers, shared 83.3%-97.5% nucleotide identity of complete genome and 91.7%-99.1% amino acid identity of open reading frame (ORF) with one another, and shared 77.7%-97.7% nucleotide identity of complete genome and 90.6%-99.3% amino acid identity of ORF with other reference strains available in Genbank. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the APPV strains from Guangxi province belonged to four different subgroups in the phylogenetic tree based on the complete genomic sequences, and similar topology was observed in the phylogenetic trees based on N pro , E rns and E2 gene sequences, respectively. No sign of recombination was observed for strains from Guangxi province by using Recombination Detection Program 4 (RDP4) and Simplot analysis. Evolution analysis performed on the complete genome of 58 APPV strains available in Genbank showed that APPV strains from America, Europe and Asia during 2006-2019 evolved at a mean rate of 1.37×10 -4 substitutions/site/year, and the most recent common ancestor ( tMRCA ) of them was estimated as 1700.5 years ago.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that there existed a high degree of genetic diversity of APPV from Guangxi province, Southern China, which provided important information on the epidemiological features and evolutionary relationships of APPV.

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Seroprevalences of Newly Discovered Porcine Pestiviruses in German Pig Farms

Abstract: Several novel porcine pestiviruses that are linked to disease outbreaks in commercial pig farms were discovered

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Pestivirus K (Atypical Porcine Pestivirus): Update on the Virus, Viral Infection, and the Association with Congenital Tremor in Newborn Piglets

Pestivirus K (Atypical Porcine Pestivirus): Update on the Virus, Viral Infection, and the Association with Congenital Tremor in Newborn Piglets

Single-Round Infectious Particle Production by DNA-Launched Infectious Clones of Bungowannah Pestivirus

Evolution and genetic diversity of atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) from piglets with congenital tremor in Guangxi province, Southern China

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