Seroprevalences of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus in cats with abscesses or bite wounds and rate of veterinarian compliance with current guidelines for retrovirus testing

Goldkamp, Carrie E; Levy, Julie; Edinboro, Charlotte H.; Lachtara, Jessica L

doi:10.2460/javma.232.8.1152

Cited by 59 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…As occur in FIV infection, aggressive behavior more common in male cats might play a greater role than previously thought. Cats presenting for fighting injuries were FeLV-positive in a higher rate compared to normal cat population 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FeLV is primarily transmitted by saliva and respiratory secretions 12 but it is also secreted by urine, faeces, tears and milk 13,14 . The spreading occurs by "friendly" contact among cats, usually licking and grooming of one another 9 or by fighting and biting 3,15 . Transmission may also occur through the sharing of food and water pans 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatores de risco da leucemia viral felina em São Paulo, Brazil

Jorge

Ferreira

Hagiwara

2011

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection in cats (n = 812) from the city of São Paulo. Information on age, gender, outdoor access, reproductive status, origin and number of potential contacts were obtained for each animal. Direct immunofluorescence test was used to identify the infected cats. Fifty cats (6.2 %) were positive for FeLV infection. The risk factors identified were "outdoor access" (OR = 47.2; p < 0.001), "having been rescued from the street" (OR = 3.221; p = 0.008) or being three to six year old (OR = 3.046; p = 0.009); the most important risk factor was free outdoor access. A predictive model for FeLV infection was built based on the results of the multivariate analysis. Cats with free outdoor access are more predisposed to infection, with 18% more chances of becoming infected. If the animal is one to three year old, the probability increases, reaching 34%. If the cat is exposed to these three risk factors, the probability of infection is even higher (63%). When analyzed together or as isolated risk factors, the age and being rescued from the street represent less impact on the spreading of the FeLV, as the probability of infection for cats exposed to each of these risk factors is 1 and 4%, respectively. Thus, free roaming and outdoor access are the most important risk factors associated to FeLV infection among cats in São Paulo city and must be taken in consideration in the prevention of this retrovirus infection. Keywords:Cats. Feline leukemia virus. Risk factors. Epidemiology. FeLV. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi o de identificar os fatores de risco para a leucemia viral felina (FeLV) em uma amostragem de 812 gatos da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Informações sobre idade, sexo, acesso à rua, estado reprodutivo, origem e número de contactantes foram obtidos para cada animal. Teste de imunofluorescência direto para a pesquisa de antígeno viral em esfregaço de sangue periférico foi utilizado para a identificação dos felinos infectados. Foram encontrados 51 gatos (6,2%) positivos para a infecção. Os fatores de risco identificados foram "acesso a rua" (OR = 47,2; p < 0,001), "ter sido resgatado da rua" (OR = 3,221; p = 0,008) e "ter idade entre 3 e 6 anos" (OR = 3,046; p = 0,009), sendo o "livre acesso à rua" o fator de risco mais importante. Foi elaborado um modelo preditivo para a infecção pelo FeLV, baseandose nos resultados da análise multivariada. Gatos com acesso livre à rua apresentam 18% mais chances de se infectarem e se estiverem na faixa etária entre 3 e 6 anos de idade o risco aumenta para 34%. Se o gato estiver exposto aos três fatores de risco, a probabilidade de infecção é ainda mais alta, de 63%. Quando analisados em conjunto ou como fatores de risco isolados, a idade e o fato de "ter sido resgatado da rua" possuem menor impacto na disseminação de FeLV, já que a probabilidade de infecção para os gatos expostos a cada um desses fatores é de 1% e de 4%, respectivamente. Assim, o acesso livre a rua e ter sido resgatado da rua...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatores de risco da leucemia viral felina em São Paulo, Brazil

Jorge

Ferreira

Hagiwara

2011

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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“…2,3 Free-roaming male cats are at high risk of infection 3,4 as they become infected mainly through bite wounds when they engage in territorial fights with FIV-infected cats. 3,5 FIV has been isolated from blood, saliva, semen and cerebrospinal fluid of naturally-and experimentally-infected cats. 3 In Australia, FIV studies have relied on convenience sampling strategies by acquiring blood samples from apparently healthy cats visiting veterinary clinics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A door-to-door prevalence study of feline immunodeficiency virus in an Australian suburb

Chang-Fung-Martel

Gummow

Burgess

et al. 2013

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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A door-to-door survey was conducted within the limits of the suburb of Douglas in northern Queensland, Australia, to determine the prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in the overall population of domestic cats. Previous FIV prevalence studies have relied on convenience sampling strategies, leaving out an important group of pet cats that do not receive regular veterinary attention. Saliva was selected for testing because collection was non-invasive and was likely to achieve a high rate of participation. Ninety-six cats were surveyed and tested for salivary antibodies against FIV and with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was considered to be the gold standard and a cat was considered to be FIV-positive if sequencing results on a PCR product of appropriate size matched previously published FIV genome sequences available in GenBank. Results showed 10/96 cats to be infected with FIV subtype A, indicating a prevalence of 10.4% (95% confidence interval: 4.4-16.4) in the area studied. High risk associations were established with the roaming lifestyle of the cat (P <0.002), presence of abscesses (P <0.03) and occurrence of bite wounds (P <0.10). This is the first known cross-sectional study of a population of urban northern Australian cats living in an affluent suburb and presenting saliva as a potential non-invasive sample for large-scale epidemiological surveys on FIV.

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“…Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are two of the most prevalent causes of feline infections worldwide [1]. FeLV, a gammaretrovirus, has a simple genome consisting only of the genes necessary for replication and particle formation (gag, pol and env).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Aspects and Clinicopathological Findings in Cats Naturally Infected with Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and/or Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

Collado¹,

Doménech²,

Miró³

et al. 2012

OJVM

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Infections produced by feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV), two of the most prevalent pathogens in cats, range from passing unnoticed to presenting a wide variety of clinical signs. Different epidemiological, clinical, hematological and virological parameters were analyzed in 78 FIV-and/or FeLV-infected cats. FeLV-infected (FeLV + ) cats were considerably younger than FIV-infected (FIV + ) cats, and in general were seen to have a more severe disease than FIV + cats. Around one third of the cats presented anemia, and neutropenia was also frequently observed. Though a higher percentage of FIV + than FeLV + cats had altered leukocyte counts, FeLV + cats had altered counts of both neutrophils and lymphocytes more frequently than FIV + , which usually presented only either altered neutrophils or lymphocyte counts. Virological markers were only detected in FeLV + cats, either as mono-or dual-infection, and correlated with the severity of the disease, but not in FIV + cats. In conclusion, these results suggest that FeLV affects more blood cell types and provokes death of affected animals at a much earlier age than FIV and that the severity of the disease seemed to depend on the viral status of the cat.

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Seroprevalences of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus in cats with abscesses or bite wounds and rate of veterinarian compliance with current guidelines for retrovirus testing

Cited by 59 publications

References 3 publications

Fatores de risco da leucemia viral felina em São Paulo, Brazil

Fatores de risco da leucemia viral felina em São Paulo, Brazil

A door-to-door prevalence study of feline immunodeficiency virus in an Australian suburb

Epidemiological Aspects and Clinicopathological Findings in Cats Naturally Infected with Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and/or Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

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