Séroprévalences des infections à hépatite A et E en Tunisie

Rezig, Dorra; Ouneissa, Rim; Mhiri, Leila; Mejri, Selma; Haddad-Boubaker, Sondès; Alaya, Nissaf Ben; Triki, Henda

doi:10.1016/j.patbio.2007.09.026

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These results are in line with those found in our previous report of a study performed using environmental samples (4) and in other seroprevalence studies demonstrating that higher HAV rates were found in the inland region and in the south of Tunisia (37,41) than in big coastal cities (36,37). It has been reported that HAV infection is still highly endemic in developing countries, with differences in epidemiological patterns that are mainly associated with the development of socioeconomic and hygienic conditions (3,6,7,12).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This result is in accordance with environmental studies conducted in the country, including analysis of wastewater samples, where HAV rates ranged between 46% and 68.3% (4,31,40). Seroprevalence data in Tunisia and in some regions of the Middle East and North Africa showed high HAV endemicity also, with levels ranging between 83% and 96.4% (12,31,36,37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…HAV is still endemic in Tunisia, with a high/intermediate ranking (4,12,31,36,37), and in the Mediterranean region (8,38,39). Despite the potential public health hazard linked to the use of contaminated treated sewage, few studies have been carried out on the prevalence of HAV in wastewater and its seasonal and geographical distribution in Tunisia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

Ouardani

Turki

Aouni

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the main causative agent of hepatitis infection associated with waterborne outbreaks worldwide. In Tunisia, there is no specific surveillance system for HAV and current secondary wastewater treatment processes are unable to remove viral particles, which present a potential public health problem. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of HAV in 271 raw and treated wastewater samples from five sewage treatment plants (STPs) during 13 months was performed. Moreover, the efficiency of three secondary wastewater treatment processes (conventional activated sludge, extended aeration, and oxidation ditch activated sludge) was evaluated. Data obtained demonstrated that HAV is endemic in Tunisia and circulates with high prevalence in both raw (66.9%) and treated (40.7%) wastewater. HAV circulates throughout the year in the coastal areas, with the highest rates found during summer and autumn, whereas in central Tunisia, high levels were shown in autumn and winter. Total virus removal was not achieved, since no difference in mean HAV loads was observed in effluents (6.0 ؋ 10 3 genome copies [GC]/ml) and influents (2.7 ؋ 10 3 GC/ml). The comparison of the HAV removal values of the three different wastewater treatment methods indicates that extended aeration and oxidation ditch activated sludge had better efficiency in removing viruses than conventional activated sludge did. Molecular characterization revealed that the vast majority of HAV strains belonged to subgenotype IA, with the cocirculation of subgenotype IB in wastewater treatment plants that collect tourism wastewater. IMPORTANCEThis report provides important data on the incidence, behavior, seasonality, and genotype distribution of HAV in the environment in Tunisia, as well as the risk of infection derived from its occurrence in effluents due to inadequate wastewater treatment. In addition, these findings seem to confirm that the prevalence of HAV depends on socioeconomic level, sanitary conditions in the communities, sewage facilities, the locality, and the climate. The wide dispersion of HAV in effluents proves the inefficacity of the current wastewater treatment processes used in Tunisia to remove virus; therefore, establishment of tertiary treatment processes or replacement of the medium-charge activated sludge (conventional activated sludge) by the low-charge version (oxidation ditch activated sludge) is absolutely needed. Rapid detection of the HAV genome in wastewater may provide a timely warning sign to health authorities to implement population protection measures. H epatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the most important human waterborne viruses and constitutes the main cause of human enteric hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route (1). It is widely prevalent in the world, as millions of new cases of HAV infections occur worldwide every year (2). It was previously demonstrated that areas with inadequate water supply and poor wastewater facilities and hygienic conditions generally have very high HAV prevalence (3, 4). Th...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

Ouardani

Turki

Aouni

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…However one out of 10 patients arrives to the adult age without having been in contact with the HAV as reported previously [25], these individuals can make a firstlyinfection therefore to an age sometimes advanced relatively with a severe clinical expression [19]. The current evidence that an important proportion of the population of young people is susceptible to HAV infection has a number of public health implications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Seroprevalence and Molecular Characterisation of Human Hepatitis A virus in Serum Samples of Tunisian Patients with Clinical Symptoms of Viral Hepatitis

et al. 2012

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Hepatitis A virus antibodies in patients with clinical symptoms of viral hepatitis and molecular characterization of the detected isolates. The present study deals with the seroprevalence and the genetic diversity of HAV in 400 Tunisian patients presenting in dispensaries (160 patients) and in University Hospitals (240 patients) with hepatitis symptoms between 2006 and 2008. The patients with acute hepatitis were mainly from rural regions. However, the total number of patients was decreased over time. The collected samples were from patients with hepatitis symptoms occurring mainly during January-March (36.7, 26, and 35.5%) and SeptemberDecember (39.4, 43.4,and 35.5%) during the three years of study, respectively. However, HAV infection was established for only 110 among 400 patients. The detected isolates were clustered within sub-genotype IA. The present study constituted another report of the continued surveillance of HAV infection in the region of Monastir and the molecular characterisation of the detected strains.

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“…Ce risque transfusionnel est particulièrement présent dans les pays endémiques pour ce virus. La prévalence décrite dans le groupe témoin (10 %) dénote une circulation importante du VHE en Tunisie comme précédemment décrit [2,16,28]. Le risque élevé d'infection par le VHE a été noté aussi bien chez l'adulte que chez l'enfant polytransfusé.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Le risque infectieux viral chez le polytransfusé : séroprévalence de sept agents viraux dans le centre tunisien

Hannachi

Boughammoura

Marzouk

et al. 2011

Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of seven transfusion-transmitted viruses in polytransfused adults and children comparatively with a group of healthy control subjects. We studied 107 polytransfused patients (59 adults and 48 children) and 160 control subjects (100 blood donors and 60 children). Immunoenzymatic tests were used for detection of HBs antigen (HBs Ag), antibodies against hepatitis C Virus (anti-HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV), and IgG antibodies against human cytomegalovirus (IgG anti-CMV), human parvovirus B19 (IgG anti-PB19), and hepatitis E virus (IgG anti-HEV). An immunofluorescent assay was performed for the detection of human herpesvirus 8 antibodies (anti-HHV8). Prevalence of HBs Ag, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, IgG anti-CMV, IgG anti-PB19, IgG anti-HEV, and anti-HHV8 in polytransfused group was 8.4, 4.7, 0, 86.9, 60.7, 28.9, and 47.6%, respectively, and 1.8, 0.6, 0, 86.2, 53.1, 10, and 12.5%, respectively, in the control group. The difference in prevalence between the two groups was statistically significant for HBs Ag (P = 0.01), anti-HCV (P = 0.03), IgG anti-HEV (P < 10(-4)), and IgG anti-HHV8 (P < 10(-4)). Categorization according to age showed that hepatitis B and C risk was limited in adult polytransfused group. HHV8 infection was higher in polytransfused subjects born before the use of leucocyte-depleted blood components. Our results corroborate literature data on the risk of HEV and HHV8 infection by blood transfusion. Hepatitis B vaccination and improvement in screening tests have an important role in reduction of hepatitis B and C risk in transfusion, especially in young polytransfused persons. However, a residual risk of transmitting viral infections persists, and efforts are needed to improve transfusion safety.

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Séroprévalences des infections à hépatite A et E en Tunisie

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Hepatitis A Virus from Tunisian Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Secondary Treatments

Seroprevalence and Molecular Characterisation of Human Hepatitis A virus in Serum Samples of Tunisian Patients with Clinical Symptoms of Viral Hepatitis

Le risque infectieux viral chez le polytransfusé : séroprévalence de sept agents viraux dans le centre tunisien

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