Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the endangered Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus) in China

Huang, Si-Yang; Fan, Yi-Min; Yao, Na; Yang, Yi; Pei, Ming-Yu; Ren, Yijun; Gong, Jing-Zhi

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104282

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The Master technique was used for quantitative analysis ( Hu et al, 2016 ). Faecal samples (2 g) were suspended in 58-mL sodium nitrate saturated solution (specific gravity 1.2) and stirred continuously for 20 min to homogenise the mixture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Counting was performed under a light-optical microscope at 100 × magnification, started 5 min after loading the slide. The eggs per gram were calculated as: Eggs per gram = [n/(0.15 × 2)] × V/m, where n is the mean number of eggs or oocysts in the two counting chambers, 0.15 is the volume of each counting chamber, and there are two chambers, and V and m are the volume of the homogenised faecal sample and weight of the faeces, respectively; in this case V = 60 mL and m = 2 g ( Hu et al, 2016 ) . The faecal egg density was estimated using a modified McMaster technique with a sensitivity of 100 eggs per gram.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a few recent reports on Père David’s deer parasites; however, these ones are mainly on intracellular parasites ( Han et al, 2016 ; Huang et al, 2020 ; Xie et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ), whereas the gastrointestinal parasites of Père David’s deer have gained little attention. Under the premise that the Père David’s deer population was established from only a few individuals, the stability of the population may be relatively poor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and spatial dynamics of gastrointestinal parasite infection in Père David’s deer

Zhang

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background The Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) population was established from only a small number of individuals. Their genetic diversity is therefore relatively low and transmissible (parasitic) diseases affecting them merit further attention. Parasitic infections can affect the health, survival, and population development of the host. However, few reports have been published on the gastrointestinal parasites of Père David’s deer. The aims of this study were: (1) to identify the intestinal parasites groups in Père David’s deer; (2) to determine their prevalence and burden and clarify the effects of different seasons and regions on various indicators of Père David’s deer intestinal parasites; (3) to evaluate the effects of the Père David’s deer reproductive period on these parasites; (4) to reveal the regularity of the parasites in space and time. Methods In total, 1,345 Père David’s deer faecal samples from four regions during four seasons were tested using the flotation (saturated sodium nitrate solution) to identify parasites of different genus or group, and the McMaster technique to count the number of eggs or oocysts. Results Four groups of gastrointestinal parasites were found, of which strongyles were dominant; their prevalence and burden were significantly higher than other groups. Significant temporal and spatial effects on gastrointestinal parasitic infection were found. Parasite diversity, prevalence, parasite burden, and aggregation were the highest in summer. Among the four regions, parasite diversity, prevalence, and burden were the highest in the Dongting Lake area. In addition, parasite diversity and burden during the reproductive period of Père David’s deer was significantly higher than during the post-reproductive period. Conclusions The summer season and the reproductive period of Père David’s deer had great potential for parasite transmission, and there is a high risk of parasite outbreaks in the Dongting Lake area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and spatial dynamics of gastrointestinal parasite infection in Père David’s deer

Zhang

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“…Today, more than 8000 Père David’s deer are raised in parts of China [ 8 ], especially on our nature reserves. According to the report, bacteria [ 2 , 9 – 11 ], viruses [ 12 , 13 ] and parasites such as helminth [ 14 , 15 ] and protozoa [ 16 – 20 ] are a potential threat to the survival of the Père David’s deer. In order to better protect Père David’s deer, we collected some feces of Père David’s deer for examination, and found an Eimeria that had never been described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Eimeria coccidian species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866) in Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve in Jiangsu Province, eastern China

et al. 2022

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Background Eimeria coccidiosis is a significant intestinal parasitic disease, which can lead to weight loss, disease and even death of many animals. At present, there is no information about the prevalence of Eimeria among the world’s endangered species of Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify an unknown Eimeria genus in the Père David’s deer in Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve, China. Results A new Eimeria species is described from Père David’s deer. Sporulated oocysts (n = 54) are pyriform, with a rough, yellowish brown, 2-layered oocyst wall (2.5 μm thick). A numerous small granules are dispersed randomly on the wall. Oocysts measured 41.2 (39.2–42.8) μm × 29.5 (27.9–30.5) μm, oocyst length/width (L/W) ratio, 1.4. Oocyst residuum, a polar granule and a polar cap are absent. The micropyle (3.5 μm wide) is present. Sporocysts are spindle shaped, 18.2 (16.5–20.0) μm × 10.5 (9.8–11.9) μm, sporocyst L/W ratio, 1.7 (1.5–1.9). A thin convex Stieda body is present and the sporocyst residuum is composed of numerous small granules less than 2.0 μm in diameter dispersed randomly. Each sporocyst contained 2 comma-shaped sporozoites in head-to-tail arrangement. A nucleus is located immediately anterior to the posterior, strong refractive and subspherical refractile body (~ 8 μm). Molecular analysis was conducted at the 18S, ITS-1 and COI loci. Conclusion Based on the morphological and molecular data, this isolate is a new species of coccidian parasite, which is named Eimeria davidianusi after its host, the Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus).

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“…Some disease research has been conducted in Père David’s deer, revealing that certain diseases, especially infectious diseases, can fatally impact the Père David’s deer population [ 4 ]. To date, several pathogens, including parasites (such as Toxoplasma gondii , Cryptosporidium spp, Eimeria coccidiosis , and Fasciola hepatica ) [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], pathogenic bacteria (such as Clostridium perfringens ) [ 9 ], and virus (such as bovine viral diarrhea virus-like strains) [ 10 ], have been detected in serum, feces, or tissue of Père David’s deer. These pathogens are potential threats to the health of Père David’s deer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Ecology Changes in Diarrheic Père David’s Deer Revealed by Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites Analysis

Zhen

Xiang

Tao

et al. 2022

Animals

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Diarrhea is one of the most common diseases affecting the health of Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus). It is believed that an imbalanced intestinal ecology contributes to the etiology of the condition. However, little is known about how the intestinal ecology changes in these diarrheic animals. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were used to investigate the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in five Père David’s deer with diarrhea. The results showed that when compared with healthy individuals, considerable changes in the gut microbiome were observed in diarrheic animals, including a significant reduction in microbial diversity and gut microbiota composition alterations. Furthermore, the profiles of numerous fecal metabolites were altered in diarrheic individuals, showing large-scale metabolite dysregulation. Among metabolites, acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylcholine, bile acids, and oxidized lipids were elevated significantly. Constantly, several metabolic pathways were significantly altered. Interestingly, predicted metabolic pathways based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and differential metabolite analysis showed that lipid metabolism, cofactor, and vitamin metabolism were altered in sick animals, indicating microbiota-host crosstalk in these deer. When combined, the results provide the first comprehensive description of an intestinal microbiome and metabolic imbalance in diarrheic Père David’s deer, which advances our understanding and potential future treatment of diarrheic animals.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the endangered Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus) in China

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Temporal and spatial dynamics of gastrointestinal parasite infection in Père David’s deer

Temporal and spatial dynamics of gastrointestinal parasite infection in Père David’s deer

A new Eimeria coccidian species (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866) in Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve in Jiangsu Province, eastern China

Intestinal Ecology Changes in Diarrheic Père David’s Deer Revealed by Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites Analysis

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