Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Dromedary camels ( Camelus dromedarius ) from Saudi Arabia

Mohammed, Osama B.; Amor, Nabil; Omer, Sawsan A.; Alagaili, Abdulaziz N.

doi:10.1590/s1984-29612020008

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our findings are in line with a previous study (40.1%) recorded by Fatima et al [30]. Furthermore, the seroprevalence in our study was slightly higher than that found in two different studies of Saudi Arabia (35.8% and 34.2%), Somalia (34.4%), and Africa (36%) [32][33][34][35]. However, our current findings are significantly lower than those published from the Czech Republic (69%) [36], Iran (65%) [37], and Turkey (91%) [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Pakistan

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that infects humans and animals. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii and the associated alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Mianwali district, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 350 blood samples were obtained from male and female camels of different ages (≤3 years old, 4-6 years old, and ≥7 years old). To validate T. gondii antibodies, the collected samples were subjected to indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified recombinant micronemal protein 3 as an antibody catching antigen. Results: The prevalence of T. gondii was 50.2% higher in male camels than in female camels (16.5%) (p<0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of T. gondii in camels was directly proportional to age (p<0.001). It was 63.33% (57/90) in camels of ≥7 years of age, 32.54% in 4-6 years old age group, and 23.08% in ≤3 years old age group. The hematological analysis of infected camels revealed a significant increase in the values of glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism, lymphocyte percentage, monocyte percentage (MONO%), corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and procalcitonin. Furthermore, substantially higher levels of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and the macro-mineral potassium were found in the serum of T. gondii-infected camels. Conclusion: The seropositivity of T. gondii is directly associated with the age and sex of camels, which may be considered as potential risk factors. Furthermore, T. gondii infection directly impacts the hemato-biochemistry of infected camels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our findings for male camels were comparable with the results of studies conducted in the Taif (56.7%) and Jizan (54.2%) areas of Saudi Arabia [33]. The current difference in prevalence rates could be attributed to the fact that most farmers use males as draught animals for goods transportation and plowing agricultural fields.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Pakistan

et al. 2022

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“…This prevalence rate was variant among other regions of Saudi Arabia, such as in Riyadh Province 4.6% prevalence rate [7], however, Alanazi [20] has reported a higher infection rate 23.6% of slaughtered camels also in Riyadh Province. In addition, Mohammed [21] have recorded the infection rate in other regions of Saudi Arabia: such as Hofuf (15.8%), Riyadh (15.8%), Tabuk (39.5%), Jizan (46.2%), and Taif (51.2%). Toxoplasmosis prevalence rate differs in neighboring countries such as in Egypt 17% [22], 28.06% in Iran [23], and 14.56% in Yazd Province of Iran [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many methods for detecting T. gondii antibodies in camels, which depend on the level of infection, availability of the final hosts, and the test used in the examination. Most of the previous studies depend on indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), modified agglutination test (MAT), latex agglutination test (LAT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serological surveys dealing with T. gondii for the detection of antibodies [7,21,31]. The previous three studies revealed that the use of ELISA gave a high rate of antibody detection in animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and Molecular Surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii of Camels in Taif, Saudi Arabia

Al-Maliki

2022

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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T OXOPLASMA gondii causes an important zoonotic parasitic disease that is widespread throughout the world. However, recorded data on camel toxoplasmosis are scarce in different areas in Taif governorate of Saudi Arabia. Camels are the main source of milk and meat in different countries, especially the Gulf countries, and due to this contact, they can transmit toxoplasmosis to humans. Therefore, a toxoplasmosis seroprevalence study was conducted on 65 female camels from three different areas (area 1, 2, and 3) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] (Toxo-IgG). Data were confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. This study reports a prevalence rate of Toxoplasmosis in the examined samples 7/65 (10.8%) and 13/65 (20%) using Toxo-IgG and PCR, respectively. According to positive Toxo-PCR, samples were categorized into two groups: the lowest infection rate was found in the older aged group (>6 years) 8/42 (19.1%). While the highest infection rate was recorded in the younger group (≤6 years) 5/23 (21.7%). In addition, the percentage of the total IgG in camels' sera were the lowest in samples of area 1 and the highest in samples of area 3 that could be related to any previous or recent infection. Statistically, there was no relationship between age and infection rate.

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“…Seroprevalence reaches 87% in cattle, it ranges from 0 to 64% in sheep, 0 to 26.6% in goats and 3.7 to 86% in camels Selim & Abdelhady, 2020). For camels, seroprevalence was varied between 11.1 and 86% (Bártová et al, 2017;Hamidinejat et al, 2013;Hilali et al, 1998;Mentaberre et al, 2013;Mohammed et al, 2020;Nazir et al, 2017;Sadrebazzaz et al, 2006;Selim and Abdelhady, 2020). The highest prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was reported in Canary Islands (86%) by Mentaberre et al (2013) explained by the absence of the definitive host in the surveyed farms, resulting in the vertical transmission of this parasite in camels, the same trend was reported by López-Gatiu et al (2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First molecular detection of Neospora caninum from naturally infected slaughtered camels in Tunisia

Amdouni

Abedennebi²,

Amairia

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Neospora caninum has been documented to infect most domestic wildlife but is known to primarily infect dogs and cattle and is considered an important cause of abortion in camels. Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the molecular detection of Neospora caninum in tissues of naturally infected camelids. Methods Brain, tongue (bottom and tip) and masseter muscles from 35 slaughtered camelids from Tataouine and Médenine regions were collected (n = 140 samples). PCR was used to amplify and detect N. caninum DNA in tissues samples followed by sequencing of some PCR products. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed to compare the partial sequences of the ITS1 gene with GenBank sequences. Histopathology examination was used to detect Neospora spp. cysts, but no lesions were observed. Results The overall molecular detection of N. caninum in camelids was 34.3% (12/35). The highest molecular detection of N. caninum was recorded in animals of more than 3 years old (6/9) and in animals aged between 1 and 3 years old (4/12). Whilst, the lowest molecular detection (2/14) was observed in animals 1 year or younger (p = 0.035). There were no significant differences in molecular detection of N. caninum according to both locality and gender (p > 0.05). Similarly, there was no difference of prevalence between different anatomical locations. Comparison of the partial sequences of the ITS1 gene revealed 100–95.5% similarity among our N. caninum amplicon (MW551566) and those deposited in GenBank. Conclusion These results highlight the presence of a risk infection by N. caninum in camels. For preventing N. caninum infection further studies are needed to improve our knowledge about the epidemiology of neosporosis in North Africa.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Dromedary camels ( Camelus dromedarius ) from Saudi Arabia

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Pakistan

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated alterations in hematology and serum biochemistry of one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Pakistan

Serological and Molecular Surveillance of Toxoplasma gondii of Camels in Taif, Saudi Arabia

First molecular detection of Neospora caninum from naturally infected slaughtered camels in Tunisia

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