Seroprevalence of three paramyxoviruses; Hendra virus, Tioman virus, Cedar virus and a rhabdovirus, Australian bat lyssavirus, in a range expanding fruit bat, the Grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus)

Boardman, Wayne; Baker, Michelle L.; Boyd, Victoria; Crameri, Gary; Peck, Grantley R.; Reardon, Terry; Smith, Ian; Caraguel, Charles; Prowse, Thomas A. A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232339

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In New Guinea, sera from 66 P. conspicillatus bats were tested for Tioman virus-specific antibodies, and 38% were seropositive [ 36 ]. A recent survey in Adelaide, Australia, detected serological evidence of Tioman virus in P. poliocephalus [ 37 ]. Henipavirus outbreaks and exposure in humans or other animal hosts are concordant with the distribution of their bat reservoirs; however, there is no evidence of previous bat-borne paramyxovirus outbreaks in Indonesia [ 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Tioman Virus in Pteropus vampyrus Near Flores, Indonesia

Tsang

Low

Wiantoro

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Diverse paramyxoviruses have coevolved with their bat hosts, including fruit bats such as flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Several of these viruses are zoonotic, but the diversity and distribution of Paramyxoviridae are poorly understood. We screened pooled feces samples from three Pteropus vampyrus colonies and assayed tissues, rectal swabs, and oral swabs from 95 individuals of 23 pteropodid species sampled at 17 sites across the Indonesian archipelago with a conventional paramyxovirus PCR; all tested negative. Samples from 43 individuals were screened with next generation sequencing (NGS), and a single Pteropus vampyrus collected near Flores had Tioman virus sequencing reads. Tioman virus is a bat-borne virus in the genus Pararubulavirus with prior evidence of spillover to humans. This work expands the known range of Tioman virus, and it is likely that this isolated colony likely has sustained intergenerational transmission over a long period.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Tioman Virus in Pteropus vampyrus Near Flores, Indonesia

Tsang

Low

Wiantoro

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Since that time, the population has increased to approximately 20,000 individuals (November 2019) due to reproduction and regular immigration, despite seasonal emigration and substantial mortality during extreme heat in summer. Grey‐headed flying foxes which are endemic to Australia have previously shown evidence of exposure to paramyxoviruses including Hendra virus and Australian bat lyssavirus (Boardman et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of exposure to a coronavirus antigenically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS‐CoV‐1) in the Grey‐headed flying fox ( Pteropus poliocephalus )

Boardman

Baker

Boyd

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are of critical importance to public and animal health and many appear to have origins in bats (Latinne et al., 2020).To date, over 200 novel CoVs have been found in bats worldwide (Bannerjee et al., 2019). CoVs typically have a narrow host range (Wong et al., 2019), although host shifting does occur (Cui et al., 2007;Drexler et al., 2014;Forni et al., 2017). CoVs can adapt rapidly to new ecological and host niches due to their propensity for recombination (Drexler et al., 2014) and the high mutation rates of their RNA genome (Holmes & Rambaut., 2004).Severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-1, for which Chinese horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sp) are the likely res-

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“…Hendra virus has caused disease in Australia in horses and humans and Nipah virus has caused disease in pigs and humans in Malaysia and directly in humans in Bangladesh and India. Flying foxes are the reservoir hosts ( 59 ) and viruses can be transmitted to humans directly or indirectly via contact with saliva, urine or other bodily fluids. One specimen from each of these taxa is available for purchase online, excluding E. helvum , where there are nine specimens available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bat E-Commerce: Insights Into the Extent and Potential Implications of This Dark Trade

et al. 2021

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Little is known about the global bat souvenir trade despite previous research efforts into bat harvest for bushmeat. We screened eBay listings of bats in Australia, Canada, Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom and USA to assess the nature and extent of the online offers. A total of 237 listings were retrieved in between the 11th and 25th of May 2020 with a median price per item of US$38.50 (range: US$8.50–2,500.00). Items on offer were mostly taxidermy (61.2%) or skull (21.1%) specimens. Overall, 32 different species of bat were advertised, most of which (n = 28) are listed as “Least Concern” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. One species (Nycteris javanica) is classified as “Vulnerable” and one (Eidolon helvum) as “Near Threatened.” Pteropus spp. specimens were the most expensive specimens on offer and the conservations status of these species may range from “Critically Endangered” to “Data Deficient” by IUCN and the entire genus is listed in the Appendix II by the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). However, the exact species concerned, and their respective conservation status, could not be confirmed based on the listings' photos. The sourcing of bat was restricted to mostly South-East Asian countries (a third of items sourced from Indonesia) and to two African countries. Our survey revealed that the online offer of bat products is diverse, abundant, and facilitated by worldwide sellers although most offered bats species are from South-East Asia. With a few exceptions, the species on offer were of little present conservation concern, however, many unknowns remain on the potential animal welfare, biosecurity, legal implications, and most importantly public health risks associated with this dark trade.

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Seroprevalence of three paramyxoviruses; Hendra virus, Tioman virus, Cedar virus and a rhabdovirus, Australian bat lyssavirus, in a range expanding fruit bat, the Grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus)

Cited by 22 publications

References 59 publications

Detection of Tioman Virus in Pteropus vampyrus Near Flores, Indonesia

Detection of Tioman Virus in Pteropus vampyrus Near Flores, Indonesia

Serological evidence of exposure to a coronavirus antigenically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS‐CoV‐1) in the Grey‐headed flying fox ( Pteropus poliocephalus )

Bat E-Commerce: Insights Into the Extent and Potential Implications of This Dark Trade

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