Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Case–Control Study

Abstract

A novel coronavirus, the so-called "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)," caused the ongoing pandemic, which was initially identified in Wuhan, China. 1 Undefined rates of asymptomatic infections have raised concerns about a possibly high frequency of undiagnosed infections of SARS-CoV-2. 2 The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is yet to be determined. 3 Studies showed diverse prevalence and outcomes among PD patients. 4,5 Assessing a precise approximation of the prevalence of COVID-19 necessitates testing antibodies in people who are not symptomatic. 6 Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among PD patients who did not have the symptomatic infection.The Iran National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Researches approved this cross-sectional, case-control study (IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1399.035). All PD patients who had a Comparison between PD and control subgroups.

Movement Disorders andSARS‐CoV‐2

“…The heterogeneity of PD patients with respect to age, disease severity, and comorbidities means that prevalence and outcome data in PD patients who contract COVID‐19 have been conflicting. The reported prevalence of COVID‐19 in PD has ranged from 0.57% (equivalent to a non‐PD control group) 6 to 25.6% (more than double that of a non‐PD control group) 6,7 . This discrepancy can be explained by the fact that the lower reported prevalence was from an Italian phone survey study, whereas the higher reported prevalence calculated the seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 among asymptomatic PD patients during the third wave of COVID‐19 in Iran.…”

“…The reported prevalence of COVID-19 in PD has ranged from 0.57% (equivalent to a non-PD control group) 6 to 25.6% (more than double that of a non-PD control group). 6,7 This discrepancy can be explained by the fact that the lower reported prevalence was from an Italian phone survey study, whereas the higher reported prevalence calculated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic PD patients during the third wave of COVID-19 in Iran. These vastly differing figures highlight the importance of considering the study methodology and population from which those data are reported.…”

Prevalence and outcomes of Covid-19 in Parkinson's disease: Acute settings and hospital

“… Reference Study Design Total PD sample PD Controls Risk factors Fasano, Cereda, et al (2020) , Fasano, Elia, et al (2020) Phone survey 1486 7.1% 7.6% Reduced risk from fewer weekly outings in PD cohort Brown et al (2020) Online survey 5429 0.9% 1.8% Smoking, heart disease, age, male sex Del Prete et al (2020) Phone survey 740 0.9% NA Hypertension, diabetes,? age Santos García et al (2020) Phone survey 568 2.6% NA Less advanced disease (possibly due to cocooning in more vulnerable advance), heart disease, amantadine (protective) Salari, Etemadifar, Ashrafi, Ommi et al (2021) , Salari, Etemadifar, Zali, Aminzade, et al (2021) , Salari, Etemadifar, Zali, Medghalchi, et al (2021) Seroprevalence case-control study in asymptomatic individuals 90 25.6% 12.4% None Cilia et al (2020) Community-based case control study 141 8.5% NA No increased risk with advancing age or disease duration compared with COVID-19-negative Artusi et al (2020) Phone survey 1407 0.57% 0.63% Unclear if similar rates are due to lack of increased risk or due to increased self-isolation in at risk patients Salari, Etemadifar, Ashrafi, Ommi, et al (2021) , Salari, Etemadifar, Zali, Aminzade, et al (2021) , Salari, Etemadifar, Zali, Medghalchi, et al (2021) Phone survey 647 11.28% 15.39% None …”

“…On the other hand, patient reports may not account for patients who may have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and remained asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic. To this end, Salari et al used commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among PwP who did not have the symptomatic infection during the third wave of Covid-19 in Iran ( Salari, Etemadifar, Zali, Medghalchi, et al, 2021 ). Ninety PwP and 97 healthy controls were tested and 25.6% of PwP and 12.4% of controls tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody.…”

“…(1 hospital in NYC) 25 (25 COVID +) 32% 26% Encephalopathy during admission Xu et al (2021) Cross-sectional online survey (1 center) 46 (46 COVID +) 13% NA None Zhai et al (2021) Retrospective review of admitted pts. (1 hospital in Wuhan) 10 (10 severe COVID) 30% 40.6 None Fathi et al (2021) Multicenter study of hospitalized patients 259 (259 COVID +) 35.1% 29.5% None Salari, Etemadifar, Ashrafi, Ommi, et al (2021) , Salari, Etemadifar, Zali, Aminzade, et al (2021) , Salari, Etemadifar, Zali, Medghalchi, et al (2021) Phone survey 647 (73 COVID +) 10.9% NA None Zhang et al (2020) COVID-19 Medical record database analysis 694 (694 COVID +) 21.3% 5.5% None Abbreviations: DA: Dopamine agonist; STN DBS: subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. a Lack of DA use and dementia did not survive the multivariate analysis.…”