Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus and other Simbu group viruses among the Lebanese sheep

Abi-Rizk, Alain; Kanaan, Tony

doi:10.4314/ovj.v7i3.15

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The average seroprevalence of 24.5% in Belgrade for the period 2017-2022 is higher than estimated by Bojkovski et al ( 2015) [16] who reported the seroprevalence of 13.45% for the Republic of Serbia in previous years but in agreement with the results provided for Vojvodina where the seroprevalence of SD in sheep was 22% in the period 2013-2018 [6]. A similar seroprevalence was reported in other countries such as Poland [17], Switzerland [18], Lebanon [19], and Spain [20]. The results are consistent with the results of SB seroprevalence in Kosovo in sheep (19.2%) in 2014 and 2016.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg Virus in Sheep in Belgrade Epizootic Area

Veljović,

Maksimović Zorić,

Glišić

et al. 2023

Acta Veterinaria

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Schmallenberg disease is an infectious disease of cattle, sheep, and goats of viral aetiology caused by the Schmallenberg virus that belongs to the family Bunyaviridae and the genus Ortobunyavirus. Schmallenberg disease is a vector-borne disease transmitted by midges from the genus Culicoides but also by other hematophagous insects. The disease has a seasonal character and most often occurs in the warm months, from late spring to autumn. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of Schmallenberg disease in sheep in the epizootic area of Belgrade in the period from 2017 to 2022. A total of 600 sheep serums from the serum bank were tested, 100 serum samples from each year. Sera were tested by commercial ELISA test for the detection of specific antibodies against the Schmallenberg virus. The results showed an average annual seroprevalence of 24.5% in sheep in the Belgrade area in these six years with an increasing trend predicted for the next years.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg Virus in Sheep in Belgrade Epizootic Area

Veljović,

Maksimović Zorić,

Glišić

et al. 2023

Acta Veterinaria

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“…A model for the transmission of SBV between regions in Europe suggested that vector dispersal is the principal mechanism for transmission of SBV, even at the continental scale [219]. More recently, SBV has been reported in countries outside of Europe, including Azerbaijan [31], China [32], Ethiopia [33, 34], Iran [35], Lebanon [36], Namibia [38] and Mozambique [31, 37] suggesting possible geographical expansion of SBV. However, reports of SBV emergence in new geographical regions which are based solely on serological detection of SBV antibodies, particularly when samples originate in regions where other Simbu viruses are known to be enzootic, should be interpreted cautiously as some ELISAs can have cross-reactivity between SBV and other Simbu viruses [114].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schmallenberg virus: a systematic international literature review (2011-2019) from an Irish perspective

Collins

Doherty

Barrett³

et al. 2019

Ir Vet J

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In Autumn 2011, nonspecific clinical signs of pyrexia, diarrhoea, and drop in milk yield were observed in dairy cattle near the German town of Schmallenberg at the Dutch/German border. Targeted veterinary diagnostic investigations for classical endemic and emerging viruses could not identify a causal agent. Blood samples were collected from animals with clinical signs and subjected to metagenomic analysis; a novel orthobunyavirus was identified and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). In late 2011/early 2012, an epidemic of abortions and congenital malformations in calves, lambs and goat kids, characterised by arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly were reported in continental Europe. Subsequently, SBV RNA was confirmed in both aborted and congenitally malformed foetuses and also in Culicoides species biting midges. It soon became evident that SBV was an arthropod-borne teratogenic virus affecting domestic ruminants. SBV rapidly achieved a pan-European distribution with most countries confirming SBV infection within a year or two of the initial emergence. The first Irish case of SBV was confirmed in the south of the country in late 2012 in a bovine foetus. Since SBV was first identified in 2011, a considerable body of scientific research has been conducted internationally describing this novel emerging virus. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive synopsis of the most up-to-date scientific literature regarding the origin of SBV and the spread of the Schmallenberg epidemic, in addition to describing the species affected, clinical signs, pathogenesis, transmission, risk factors, impact, diagnostics, surveillance methods and control measures. This review also highlights current knowledge gaps in the scientific literature regarding SBV, most notably the requirement for further research to determine if, and to what extent, SBV circulation occurred in Europe and internationally during 2017 and 2018. Moreover, recommendations are also made regarding future arbovirus surveillance in Europe, specifically the establishment of a European-wide sentinel herd surveillance program, which incorporates bovine serology and Culicoides entomology and virology studies, at national and international level to monitor for the emergence and re-emergence of arboviruses such as SBV, bluetongue virus and other novel Culicoides-borne arboviruses.

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