Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Guilan Province, Iran, April 2020

Shakiba, Maryam; Nazemipour, Maryam; Salari, Arsalan; Mehrabian, Fardin; Nazari, Seyed Saeed Hashemi; Rezvani, Seyed Mahmoud; Ghasempour, Zahra; Heidarzadeh, Abtin; Mansournia, Mohammad Alì

doi:10.3201/eid2702.201960

Cited by 78 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the USA the prevalence of seropositivity was 19.1% in New York City in the month of April (30), and at the same time it was 4.65% in California (31). High seropositivity rates (respectively 22%, 42% and 66%) have been reported in April 2020 in Guilan, Iran and in July 2020 both in Bergamo, Italy and in Manaus, Brazil (32, 33, 34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid increase of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during the 2020 pandemic year in the population of the city of Tirana, Albania

Sulçebe

Ylli

Cenko

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Introduction: While the identification of anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has been used to measure the hidden circulation of the COVID-19 in communities, there are few publications on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during both waves of 2020. This study provides original data about the change in proportion of individuals showing immune response to COVID-19 between beginning of July and end of December 2020. Methods: The study was conducted in two rounds, 27 June -3 July, and 21-28 December 2020, using two independently selected samples of individuals 20-70 years old. Study participants were randomly selected from lists of the inhabitants of the catchment communities of four primary health care centers in Tirana City. Serological testing was performed by an ELISA method which determines IgG class antibodies anti S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The validity of the method was tested in a sample of blood donors sera of 2018. Results: The proportion of individuals classified as seropositive during the first round, in early July was 7.5% (95% CI: 4.3% - 10.7%). The proportion rose sharply in the second round, by late December 2020, reaching 48.2% (95% CI: 44.8% - 51.7%). The same increasing pattern was observed in all studied categories. No statistical significance was found between men and women and between age categories. The prevalence of seropositive individuals was always significantly higher among those who reported symptoms and those who had done the molecular test. Conclusion: The ratio of total infected cases over confirmed cases was estimated to be higher than 10 to 1 in Albania. The rapid increase in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence observed in Tirana City may have been facilitated by a number of factors, including the very low infection exposure during the period March - May 2020, and the consecutive high susceptibility in population. Despite the observed high seroprevalence, one month after the study, COVID-19 incidence continued to increase in Tirana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid increase of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during the 2020 pandemic year in the population of the city of Tirana, Albania

Sulçebe

Ylli

Cenko

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This study was performed on a subset of participants from a seroprevalence survey in the north of Iran. The details of the study were described elsewhere [15]. Briefly, a random sample of general population permanently residing in Guilan province, irrespective of age, was selected through stratified multistage (cluster) sampling and during [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] April 2020.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The details of the study were described elsewhere [15]. Briefly, a random sample of general population permanently residing in Guilan province, irrespective of age, was selected through stratified multistage (cluster) sampling and during [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] April 2020. Residents of institutional living centres such as nursing homes, prisons and boarding schools, and those people who did not want to participate, were under active treatment of COVID-19, or had any contraindication to venepuncture were not invited to the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection using a seroepidemiological survey

et al. 2020

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The prevalence of asymptomatic infection by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a critical measure for effectiveness of mitigation strategy has been reported to be widely varied. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic infection using serosurvey on general population. In a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey in Guilan province, Iran, the specific antibody against COVID-19 in a representative sample was detected using rapid test kits. Among 117 seropositive subjects, prevalence of asymptomatic infection was determined based on the history of symptoms during the preceding 3 months. The design-adjusted prevalence of asymptomatic infection was 57.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 44–69). The prevalence was significantly lower in subjects with previous contacts to COVID-19 patients (12%, 95% CI 2–49) than others without (69%, 95% CI, 46–86). The lowest prevalence was for painful body symptom (74.4%). This study revealed that more than half of the infected COVID-19 patients had no symptoms. The implications of our findings include the importance of adopting public health measures such as social distancing and inefficiency of contact tracing to interrupt epidemic transmission.

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“…A study in Mumbai from February 2021 showed that seroprevalence in non-slums was 16.1%, while it was as high as 54.1% in slums (32). Furthermore, recent individual studies from late 2020 and early 2021 have shown seroprevalence ranging from 0.09% to 22.2% (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Some of these studies have used a Bayesian approach for accounting for misclassification bias, which represents more properly the data obtained in these seroprevalence studies (35,36).…”

Section: Seroprevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Responses in COVID-19: A Review

et al. 2021

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread worldwide as a severe pandemic. Although its seroprevalence is highly variable among territories, it has been reported at around 10%, but higher in health workers. Evidence regarding cross-neutralizing response between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 is still controversial. However, other previous coronaviruses may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 infection, since they are phylogenetically related and share the same target receptor. Further, the seroconversion of IgM and IgG occurs at around 12 days post onset of symptoms and most patients have neutralizing titers on days 14-20, with great titer variability. Neutralizing antibodies correlate positively with age, male sex, and severity of the disease. Moreover, the use of convalescent plasma has shown controversial results in terms of safety and efficacy, and due to the variable immune response among individuals, measuring antibody titers before transfusion is mostly required. Similarly, cellular immunity seems to be crucial in the resolution of the infection, as SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells circulate to some extent in recovered patients. Of note, the duration of the antibody response has not been well established yet.

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Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Guilan Province, Iran, April 2020

Cited by 78 publications

References 9 publications

Rapid increase of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during the 2020 pandemic year in the population of the city of Tirana, Albania

Rapid increase of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during the 2020 pandemic year in the population of the city of Tirana, Albania

Prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection using a seroepidemiological survey

Antibody Responses in COVID-19: A Review

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