Seroprevalence of malaria in inhabitants of the urban zone of Antananarivo, Madagascar

Domarle, Olivier; Razakandrainibe, Romy; Rakotomalala, Emma; Jolivet, Laurence; Randremanana, Rindra Vatosoa; Rakotomanana, Fanjasoa; Ramarokoto, Charles Emile; Soares, Jean-Louis; Ariey, Frédéric

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-5-106

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is in contrast to other cities; in Antananarivo, Madagascar, the presence of antimalarial antibodies among residents was associated with travel outside the city. 10 Another study in Antananarivo found that only 1.9% of fevers were attributable to malaria, and that 80% of cases of malaria had traveled outside the city in the preceding 4 weeks. 11 In Luanda, the burden of malaria appears to be focused on the outskirts and in the surrounding rural areas of the province.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the 2006 Angola Malaria Indicator Survey found a low parasitemia prevalence of 5.5% among children < 5 years of age in Luanda province compared with 29.0% in surrounding rural provinces. 2 Furthermore, routine entomologic surveillance from January 2007 to January 2008 in 350 houses in Luanda found only 35 Anophelines during that period, in contrast to over 10,342 Culicines collected in the same locations (Burkot T, unpublished data). These data have cast doubts about the true burden of malaria in Luanda.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Much Malaria Occurs in Urban Luanda, Angola? A Health Facility-Based Assessment

Thwing

Mihigo²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We conducted a health facility-based survey of patients with fever during malaria transmission season to determine the proportion with laboratory-confirmed malaria in Luanda, Angola. We enrolled 864 patients at 30 facilities; each underwent a blood film for malaria and a questionnaire. Only 3.6% had a positive blood film. When stratified by distance of the facility to city center (< 15 km and > or = 15 km), the proportions were 1.5% (9/615) and 8.8% (22/249), respectively (P < 0.0001). Of patients traveling outside Luanda in the preceding 3 months, 6.8% (6/88) had malaria, compared with 3.2% (26/776) not traveling (P = 0.13). Children < 5 years of age were less likely to have malaria (2.4%; 12/510) than children ages 5-14 (8.7%; 9/104) and adults (4.0%; 10/250) (P = 0.03). The prevalence of laboratory-confirmed malaria in febrile patients in Luanda is very low, but increases with distance from the urban center. Prevention and treatment should be focused in surrounding rural areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Much Malaria Occurs in Urban Luanda, Angola? A Health Facility-Based Assessment

Thwing

Mihigo²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Malaria remains surprisingly prevalent among residents of some urban areas where there are very few mosquitoes; however, many of those residents visit rural or periurban areas where the disease is much more prevalent, so those visits might make the persistence of malaria in the urban setting more likely. Empirical studies supporting the idea that travel outside urban areas is an important factor in maintaining malaria in urban areas where transmission is low are described by Osorio et al (2004), Domarle et al (2006), and Ronald et al (2006). Ronald et al (2006) also noted that lower socioeconomic status was correlated with increased risk of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of human movement on the persistence of vector-borne diseases

Cosner

Beier

Cantrell

et al. 2009

Journal of Theoretical Biology

190

201

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With the recent resurgence of vector-borne diseases due to urbanization and development there is an urgent need to understand the dynamics of vector-borne diseases in rapidly changing urban environments. For example, many empirical studies have produced the disturbing finding that diseases continue to persist in modern city centers with zero or low rates of transmission. We develop spatial models of vector-borne disease dynamics on a network of patches to examine how the movement of humans in heterogeneous environments affects transmission. We show that the movement of humans between patches is sufficient to maintain disease persistence in patches with zero transmission. We construct two classes of models using different approaches: (i) Lagrangian models that mimic human commuting behavior and (ii) Eulerian models that mimic human migration. We determine the basic reproduction number R0 for both modeling approaches. We show that for both approaches that if the disease free equilibrium is stable (R0 < 1) then it is globally stable and if the disease free equilibrium is unstable (R0 > 1) then there exists a unique positive (endemic) equilibrium that is globally stable among positive solutions. Finally, we prove in general that Lagrangian and Eulerian modeling approaches are not equivalent. The modeling approaches presented provide a framework to explore spatial vector-borne disease dynamics and control in heterogeneous environments. As an example, we consider two patches in which the disease dies out in both patches when there is no movement between them. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the disease becomes endemic in both patches when humans move between the two patches.

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“…In Lusaka, the majority of malaria cases are associated with travel outside the city [26]. Because of the lower inherent transmission capacity for urban malaria, travel outside of urban areas to areas of higher malaria transmission is a primary risk factor for a case [27][28][29][30]. The risk that a traveller who acquires a malaria infection poses to neighbors upon the traveller's return, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of spatial and genetic tools to assess Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Lusaka, Zambia between 2011 and 2015

Bridges

Chishimba

Mwenda

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background: Zambia has set itself the ambitious target of eliminating malaria by 2021. To continue tracking transmission to zero, new interventions, tools and approaches are required. Methods: Urban reactive case detection (RCD) was performed in Lusaka city from 2011 to 2015 to better understand the location and drivers of malaria transmission. Briefly, index cases were followed to their home and all consenting individuals living in the index house and nine proximal houses were tested with a malaria rapid diagnostic test and treated if positive. A brief survey was performed and for certain responses, a dried blood spot sample collected for genetic analysis. Aggregate health facility data, individual RCD response data and genetic results were analysed spatially and against environmental correlates. Results: Total number of malaria cases remained relatively constant, while the average age of incident cases and the proportion of incident cases reporting recent travel both increased. The estimated R 0 in Lusaka was < 1 throughout the study period. RCD responses performed within 250 m of uninhabited/vacant land were associated with a higher probability of identifying additional infections. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that the majority of malaria infections are imported from outside Lusaka. However there remains some level of local transmission occurring on the periphery of urban settlements, namely in the wet season. Unfortunately, due to the higher-than-expected complexity of infections and the small number of samples tested, genetic analysis was unable to identify any meaningful trends in the data.

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Seroprevalence of malaria in inhabitants of the urban zone of Antananarivo, Madagascar

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

How Much Malaria Occurs in Urban Luanda, Angola? A Health Facility-Based Assessment

How Much Malaria Occurs in Urban Luanda, Angola? A Health Facility-Based Assessment

The effects of human movement on the persistence of vector-borne diseases

The use of spatial and genetic tools to assess Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Lusaka, Zambia between 2011 and 2015

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