Seroprevalence of Leptospira Among Selected Mammals on a Wildlife Management Area in Louisiana, USA

Anderson, Adrienne; Long, Ashley M.; LaCour, James M; Bresnan, Alessandra M; Bushaw, Jacob D.; Gerrits, Alaina P.; Hunt, Jay D.; Moscicki, David J.; Raginski, Nancy M; Stafford, Brandon; Ulrey, Erin E.; Randel, Charles J.

doi:10.7589/jwd-d-20-00192

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In this study, the Australis serogroup (serovar Bratislava) was frequently detected in cattle, exotic animals, goats, and swine. This is consistent with previous studies that showed Bratislava antibody titers in U.S. cattle [ 12 , 13 ], exotic animals [ 25 ], horses [ 14 , 16 ], and swine [ 17 , 18 ]. Bratislava is a host-adapted serovar of horses in Europe [ 31 ] and swine in the U.S. [ 17 , 18 , 32 ], and is rarely isolated in the U.S. [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Grippotyphosa was the second most frequently detected (17%) serogroup with seroreactivity in all animal sources in this study. Antibodies to serogroup Grippotyphosa were previously reported in wildlife in the U.S. [ 25 ]. Wildlife are considered an important reservoir host of serovar Grippotyphosa [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seroreactivity against serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae has been reported in studies conducted in U.S. cattle [ 12 ], horses [ 16 ], dogs [ 19 , 20 ], and wildlife [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Icterohaemorrhagiae is included in leptospirosis bacterins in the U.S. Rodents are the most common reservoir of Icterohaemorrhagiae, which is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with the urine of rodents [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swine were exposed to Australis [ 17 , 18 ]. Dogs were exposed to Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa, Australis, Pomona, Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Sejroe [ 19 , 20 ], and exotic animals were exposed to Australis, Grippotyphosa, Sejroe, Autumnalis, Pomona, Canicola, and Icterohaemorrgiae [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The present study aims to evaluate Leptospira exposure in animals from the U.S. and Puerto Rico using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) during the period 2018–2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animals Exposed to Leptospira Serogroups Not Included in Bacterins in the United States and Puerto Rico

et al. 2023

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Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease. Pathogenic leptospires colonize the renal tubules and genital tract of animals and are excreted via urine. Transmission occurs via direct contact or through contaminated water or soil. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the gold standard for the serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. The present study aims to evaluate animal exposure to Leptospira in the U.S. and Puerto Rico during the period 2018–2020. The presence of antibodies against pathogenic Leptospira spp. was assessed with the MAT according to the standards of the World Organisation for Animal Health. A total of 568 sera were submitted for diagnostic, surveillance, or import/export testing from the U.S. and Puerto Rico. Seropositivity (≥1:100) was 51.8% (294/568) with agglutinating antibodies found in 115 (39.1%) cattle, 84 (28.6%) exotic animals, 38 (12.9%) horses, 22 (7.5%) goats, 15 (5.1%) dogs, 11 (3.7%) swine, and 9 (3.1%) sheep. The most detected serogroups were Australis, Grippotyphosa, and Ballum. The results showed that animals were exposed to serogroups/serovars not included in commercial bacterins such as Ballum, Bratislava (only in swine vaccine), and Tarassovi. Our findings suggest that more studies should include culture and concomitant genotyping to reduce animal disease and zoonotic risk through efficacious vaccine and diagnostic strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animals Exposed to Leptospira Serogroups Not Included in Bacterins in the United States and Puerto Rico

et al. 2023

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“…However, some evidence suggests that large carnivores such as lynx and wolf species are exposed to leptospirosis frequently—likely in the small rodents and other mammalian prey that they consume [ 183 , 184 , 185 ]. Wild rodents, including large rodents such as capybara ( Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris ), beavers ( Castor fiber and Castor canadensis ), and various species of smaller rodents such as squirrels and mice, are also common wildlife species that carry leptospirosis [ 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 ]. Leptospirosis can be extremely common among small mammal populations in an environment [ 185 , 186 , 202 ], as shown in one such study that reveals 62.4% of small mammals tested carried Leptospira [ 203 ].…”

Section: Leptospirosis Enzootic Persistence In the Environment: Organ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis and the Environment: A Review and Future Directions

Bradley,

Lockaby

2023

Pathogens

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Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the disease is frequently overlooked and underdiagnosed, leading to uncertainty of the true scale and severity of the disease. A neglected tropical disease, leptospirosis disproportionately impacts disadvantaged socioeconomic communities most vulnerable to outbreaks of zoonotic disease, due to contact with infectious animals and contaminated soils and waters. With growing evidence that Leptospira survives, persists, and reproduces in the environment, this paper reviews the current understanding of the pathogen in the environment and highlights the unknowns that are most important for future study. Through a systematic Boolean review of the literature, our study finds that detailed field-based study of Leptospira prevalence, survival, and transmission in natural waters and soils is lacking from the current literature. This review identified a strong need for assessment of physical characteristics and biogeochemical processes that support long-term viability of Leptospira in the environment followed by epidemiological assessment of the transmission and movement of the same strains of Leptospira in the present wildlife and livestock as the first steps in improving our understanding of the environmental stage of the leptospirosis transmission cycle.

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Seroprevalence of Leptospira Among Selected Mammals on a Wildlife Management Area in Louisiana, USA

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Animals Exposed to Leptospira Serogroups Not Included in Bacterins in the United States and Puerto Rico

Animals Exposed to Leptospira Serogroups Not Included in Bacterins in the United States and Puerto Rico

Leptospirosis and the Environment: A Review and Future Directions

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