Seroprevalence of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Broiler and Layer Farms of Central Ethiopia

Abstract

Background. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious viral disease of chicken typically affecting the reproductive and respiratory tract and results in possible economic causes from its serious infectious and transmission characteristics. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried on serum samples of chickens selected from six (two commercial and four small holder) farms and two types of production (broiler and layer) to detect seroprevalence of IBV and its associated risk factors in Bishoftu and Holeta areas of central Ethiopia from June 2021 to September 2021. A total of 354 blood samples were collected and subjected to indirect ELISA test by IBV antibody test kit ((ProFLOK IBV), from ProFLOK Laboratories Inc., (USA)) to detect specific antibodies against IBV. Results. Overall, 97.46% seroprevalence was identified. From 230 and 124 samples collected from commercial and smallholder poultry farms, 226 (98.26%) and 119 (95.98%) positive results were obtained, respectively. Among the production types of chickens, high seroprevalence (99.31%) was found in layer poultry, and lower seroprevalence (96.17%) was found in the case of broiler chicken. Significant association was observed among different associated risk factors particularly age, sex, breed, and production types of chickens. From the tested chickens, all age groups, species, and farm types have high seroprevalence of IBV. The prevalence of IBV was highly significant ( p ≤ 0.01 ) in the study site. The risk factors indicated could have increased infection prevalence, pathogens’ economic impact, and disease occurrence. Conclusion. IBD is complicating factor affecting poultry production systems in the area. Vaccine and biosecurity measures are recommended for the control of IBV. Furtherly, identification and characterization (by using RT-PCR) of persistent serotype of IBV circulating in the field are recommended.

Seroprevalence of major respiratory diseases of chickens in central Ethiopia in different chicken production systems

“…It is also the first report of widespread exposure to aMPV in the field, following initial detection in imported breeds at a government facility ( Hutton et al, 2017 ). The seroprevalence of IBV (94%) in the current study is similar to 97% seroprevalence in central Ethiopia reported by ( Shiferaw et al, 2022a ) but, the individual chicken seroprevalence of Mg in the scavenging production system (48%) is lower than the 76% seroprevalence reported by ( Shiferaw et al, 2022b ). ILTV was reported for the first time in the West and North Shewa zones of Ethiopia.…”

Seroprevalence of infectious bronchitis virus and avian reovirus in free backyard chickens

“…This study's findings indicated that IBV is widespread among backyard chickens in the studied villages, with a seroprevalence of 93.3%. This high prevalence agrees with reports from Zimbabwe (86%) (Kelly et al 1994), Switzerland (> 75%) (Keller-Berger & Hoop 1993), Bangladesh (74%) (Biswas et al 2009), central Ethiopia (91% and 97.46%) (Habte et al 2022;Shiferaw et al 2022) and Nigeria (82.95%) (Ijoma et al 2022). Relatively lower IBV seroprevalences had been recorded in Mexico (56.5%) (Gutierrez-Ruiz et al 2000), South Africa (43%) (Thekisoe et al 2003), Botswana (65.22%) (Mushi et al 2006) and north-west Ethiopia (23.96%) (Birhan et al 2021).…”

Pathological and Molecular Characterization on Clinically Sick Chickens with Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Small Scale and Commercial Poultry Farms in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia

“…[18], Roba et al [19] and Shiferaw et al [20]. However, till today there is scarcity of documented information about pathological ndings on the organs of IBV suspected chicken inaddition to molecular characterization.…”