Seroprevalence of HTLV-I/II Antibodies in Blood Donors and Different Groups at Risk in Tunisia

Mojaat, N.; Kâabi, H.; Hmida, Slama; Maamar, M.; Slama, Slim; Boukef, K.

doi:10.1097/00126334-199911010-00018

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The presence of HTLV-1 has been reported in various Sahara countries, particularly Morocco, 23 Tunisia, 24 Egypt, 25 Mali, 11 Mauritania, and Algeria, and LTR analyses of some of these isolates have identified the North African subgroup of the cosmopolitan subtype (HTLV-1aD). 6 The phylogenetic analyses of all the cosmopolitan isolates from our patients, together with other previously described isolates from Guinea Bissau and Senegal, 12,26 showed that they belonged to the HTLV-1aD subgroup.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of a “Trans-Saharan” Strain of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in West Africa

Zehender¹,

Ebranati²,

Maddalena³

et al. 2008

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and the molecular epidemiology of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in a group of pregnant women living in Guinea Bissau. We studied 427 consecutive pregnant women attending 10 centers for HIV-1 infection monitoring in Bissau. HTLV-1 infection was found in 2.6% of the patients. Phylogenetic analysis of the long terminal repeat region showed that 10 isolates were of the cosmopolitan subtype (HTLV-1a) and that only 1 was of the widespread Central African subtype (HTLV-1b). All the cosmopolitan isolates belonged to the HTLV-1aD subgroup, which was first described in North Africa and clustered with other Senegal and Guinea isolates to form a significant West African clade. Our data show a high prevalence of HTLV-1 in Guinea Bissau and suggest the existence of a trans-Saharan strain distributed in North and West Africa, which probably crossed the desert in the past as a result of contacts between nomadic and sedentary populations or along trading routes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of a “Trans-Saharan” Strain of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in West Africa

Zehender¹,

Ebranati²,

Maddalena³

et al. 2008

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…There are different seroprevalence rates for each continent. They range from 0% to 3.6% in Africa and from 0% to 1.5% in the Americas (with a peak of 2% in some Caribbean islands) . In Australia, the prevalence ranges from 0.001% to 0.3% and in Asia from 0% to 1.9%, while in Europe it ranges from 0% to 2.12% .…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T‐lymphotropic virus and transfusion safety: does one size fit all?

Marano¹,

Vaglio

Pupella³

et al. 2015

Transfusion

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Human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) are associated with a variety of human diseases, including some severe ones. Transfusion transmission of HTLV through cellular blood components is undeniable. HTLV screening of blood donations became mandatory in different countries to improve the safety of blood supplies. In Japan and Europe, most HTLV-infected donors are HTLV-1 positive, whereas in the United States a higher prevalence of HTLV-2 is reported. Many industrialized countries have also introduced universal leukoreduction of blood components, and pathogen inactivation technologies might be another effective preventive strategy, especially if and when generalized to all blood cellular products. Considering all measures available to minimize HTLV blood transmission, the question is what would be the most suitable and cost-effective strategy to ensure a high level of blood safety regarding these viruses, considering that there is no solution that can be deemed optimal for all countries.

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“…The very few studies concern mainly blood donors or multi-transfused patients from Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia where the HTLV-1 seroprevalence appears to be very low or negative (Saxinger et al, 1984; de-The et al, 1985; de The and Gessain, 1986; El-ghazzawi et al, 1987; el-Farrash et al, 1988; van Doornum et al, 1990; Mojaat et al, 1999; Kawashti et al, 2005; Stienlauf et al, 2009). Very few cases of ATL or TSP/HAM have been reported in such countries, including at least Morocco and Egypt, either diagnosed locally or in immigrants, especially in France (Thyss et al, 1990; Gasmi et al, 1994; Gharibi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Htlv-1 Worldwide Distribution and Prevalence Estimates By Gementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection

Gessain¹,

Cassar²

2012

Front. Microbio.

1,142

1,152

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The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), identified as the first human oncogenic retrovirus 30 years ago, is not an ubiquitous virus. HTLV-1 is present throughout the world, with clusters of high endemicity located often nearby areas where the virus is nearly absent. The main HTLV-1 highly endemic regions are the Southwestern part of Japan, sub-Saharan Africa and South America, the Caribbean area, and foci in Middle East and Australo-Melanesia. The origin of this puzzling geographical or rather ethnic repartition is probably linked to a founder effect in some groups with the persistence of a high viral transmission rate. Despite different socio-economic and cultural environments, the HTLV-1 prevalence increases gradually with age, especially among women in all highly endemic areas. The three modes of HTLV-1 transmission are mother to child, sexual transmission, and transmission with contaminated blood products. Twenty years ago, de Thé and Bomford estimated the total number of HTLV-1 carriers to be 10–20 millions people. At that time, large regions had not been investigated, few population-based studies were available and the assays used for HTLV-1 serology were not enough specific. Despite the fact that there is still a lot of data lacking in large areas of the world and that most of the HTLV-1 studies concern only blood donors, pregnant women, or different selected patients or high-risk groups, we shall try based on the most recent data, to revisit the world distribution and the estimates of the number of HTLV-1 infected persons. Our best estimates range from 5–10 millions HTLV-1 infected individuals. However, these results were based on only approximately 1.5 billion of individuals originating from known HTLV-1 endemic areas with reliable available epidemiological data. Correct estimates in other highly populated regions, such as China, India, the Maghreb, and East Africa, is currently not possible, thus, the current number of HTLV-1 carriers is very probably much higher.

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Seroprevalence of HTLV-I/II Antibodies in Blood Donors and Different Groups at Risk in Tunisia

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Description of a “Trans-Saharan” Strain of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in West Africa

Description of a “Trans-Saharan” Strain of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in West Africa

Human T‐lymphotropic virus and transfusion safety: does one size fit all?

Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection

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