Seroprevalence of HIV and Risk Behaviors Among Young Homosexual and Bisexual Men

Lemp, George F.; Hirozawa, Anne M.; Givertz, Daniel; Nieri, G; Anderson, Laura; Lindegren, Mary Lou; Janssen, Robert S.; Katz, Mitchell H.

doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520060049031

Cited by 182 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Bingham et al (2003) review this issue and find that there are studies finding higher, similar, and lower levels of unprotected anal sex by African American MSM as compared to White MSM (Easterbrook et al, 1993;Heckman, Kelly, Bogart, Kalichman, & Rompa, 1999;Lemp et al, 1994;, 1990b, 1993Rotheram-Borus, Reid, & Rosario, 1994;Ruiz, Facer, & Sun, 1998). In the recent young men's studies cited above (CDC 2001(CDC , 2002(CDC , 2003, rates of risky sexual behavior by African American MSM as compared to their White counterparts were not higher despite the higher rates of seroprevalence (Bingham, Harawa, Ford, & Gatson, 1999).…”

Section: Incidence and Prevalence Of Hiv Infections In African Americmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Prevention Research: Are We Meeting the Needs of African American Men Who Have Sex with Men?

Mays

Cochran

Zamudio

2004

Journal of Black Psychology

191

185

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Two decades of HIV prevention efforts with men who have sex with men (MSM) have not eliminated the risk of new HIV infections in this vulnerable population. Indeed, current incidence rates in African American MSM are similar to those usually only seen in developing countries. A review of the existing literature suggests that the prevention research agenda for Black MSM could benefit from reframing conceptualization of risk as a function of individual properties to a broad consideration of social and interpersonal determinants. Studies that investigate dyadic and social-level influences on African American MSM's relationships are needed. This includes research explicating the diversity existing within the categorizations of Black MSM with respect to perceived identity (gay, bisexual, "men on the down low," "homo thugz"), constructions of masculinity, sexual scripts, sources of social support, and perceived norms and expectations. Recommendations are proposed for a research agenda focusing on linkages between interpersonal and social-structural determinants of HIV risk.

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Section: Incidence and Prevalence Of Hiv Infections In African Americmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Prevention Research: Are We Meeting the Needs of African American Men Who Have Sex with Men?

Mays

Cochran

Zamudio

2004

Journal of Black Psychology

191

185

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“…It is quite simple to identify the relationship between the exposure to risk and an adverse outcome especially in infectious diseases. [1,4] However, in chronic diseases such as cancer, metabolic, and heart diseases, it is less clear and even more ambiguous and complex when such illnesses result to coma. This is because, irrespective of cause, coma rarely lasts more than 2-4 weeks without an outcome, which can be either of the following: recovery with no disability, recovery with various degrees of disability, vegetative state, or death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6] Through the use of case-control and cohort studies, (as in the present study), risk and prognostic factors can be determined, which will allow screening programs and health promotion strategies aimed at changing risk behaviors to be established. [4] According to the literature, socio-economic factors may contribute more to the outcome of non-traumatic coma than has previously been recognized. [7] These factors include socio-economic variables in the individual patients, their families, and the hospitals or health institutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognosis of non traumatic coma: The role of some socio-economic factors on its outcome in Ibadan, Nigeria

2009

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Background: Coma occurring in the course of an illness, irrespective of cause, traditionally implies a poor prognosis and many factors may determine its outcome. These factors must be identifi ed and possibly stratifi ed in their order of importance. This research seeks to identify these factors and how they infl uenced the outcome of non-traumatic coma in our environment. Methods: Two hundred consecutive patients, aged 18-79 years who met the inclusion criteria, the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of <8, history and physical fi ndings suggestive of medical illness, no head trauma or sedation, were recruited into the study from August 2004 to March 2005 at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, after obtaining institutional ethical clearance and consent from patients' guardians. Detailed history of illness including the bio-data and time to present to the hospital and treatments given were noted. Thereafter, the clinical course of the patients was monitored daily for a maximum of 28 days during which the support of the family and/ or the hospital social welfare was evaluated. Results: During the 8-month period of the study, 76% (152) of the patients died while 24% (48) survived. The following factors were associated with high mortality rate: inability to confi rm diagnosis (100%), poor family support (97.1%), delay in making a diagnosis within 24 h (85.4%), poor family understanding of disease (84.1%), need for intensive care admission and management (83.3%), poor hospital social welfare support (82.4%), presentation to UCH after 6 h of coma (76.7%), and referral from private health facilities (75.7%). Others include substance abuse (100%) and seropositivity to HIV (96%) and hepatitis B surface antigen (92%) antibodies, among others. Conclusion:This study has demonstrated that socio-economic factors such as gender, occupation, risky lifestyle behaviors, late presentation or referral to hospital, late diagnosis and treatment, and poor family support contributed to poor outcome of nontraumatic coma. It is hoped that improvement, modifi cation, or correction of these factors may improve coma outcome.

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“…Fourteen studies examined rates of UAI, and all found that API MSM engaged in similar rates of UAI compared to White MSM or race/ethnicity was not associated with UAI [7,10,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. The San Francisco/Berkeley Young Men's Study found that 27% of API young men who have sex with men (YMSM) reported UAI in the past 6 months compared to 28% of White YMSM [10].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing epidemiological data shows that API MSM engage in high levels of HIV-related risk behaviors including unprotected anal intercourse and substance use [3][4][5]. Yet, HIV prevalence and incidence rates have been much lower among API MSM than among MSM of other races/ethnicities, especially other racial/ethnic minority MSM [6][7][8][9][10][11]. For example, the Urban Men's Health Study found that HIV prevalence was 16% among API MSM in San Francisco compared to 25% among Whites, 38% among Blacks, and 31% among Latinos [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower HIV Prevalence Among Asian/Pacific Islander Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Critical Review for Possible Reasons

et al. 2010

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We conducted a critical literature review for possible reasons that may explain the lower HIV prevalence observed among API MSM compared to MSM of other races/ethnicities. Trends emerging from the literature suggest that traditional individual-level factors-unprotected anal intercourse, substance use, STD prevalence, rates and frequency of HIV testing, and utilization of HIV prevention services-do not appear to be related to the lower HIV prevalence among API MSM. Some evidence suggests that socio-cultural and structural factors might be the more critical forces in determining racial/ethnic disparities of HIV among MSM. For API MSM, these factors include structures of sexual networks, access to and reception of medical care and treatment among HIV-positive MSM, and influences of different levels and types of acculturation. Moreover, emerging risk reduction strategies, such as seroadaptive behaviors, could play a role. Future research should address these factors in intervention design. In addition, better theories of resilience and measurement of strengths and protective factors are needed to enhance the efficacy of HIV interventions.

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Seroprevalence of HIV and Risk Behaviors Among Young Homosexual and Bisexual Men

Cited by 182 publications

References 11 publications

HIV Prevention Research: Are We Meeting the Needs of African American Men Who Have Sex with Men?

HIV Prevention Research: Are We Meeting the Needs of African American Men Who Have Sex with Men?

Prognosis of non traumatic coma: The role of some socio-economic factors on its outcome in Ibadan, Nigeria

Lower HIV Prevalence Among Asian/Pacific Islander Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Critical Review for Possible Reasons

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