Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in chronic hepatitis C in Brazil

Bricks, Guilherme; Senise, Jorge Figueiredo; Pott-Júnior, Henrique; Grandi, Giuliano; Passarini, Amanda; Caldeira, Débora Bellini; Carnauba, Dimas; Moraes, Hamilton Antonio Bonilha de; Granato, Celso; Castelo, Adauto

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2018.02.001

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The association of HEV seropositivity with age observed in our study has also been reported by others [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and may be explained not only by the cumulative lifetime exposure to HEV, but also by cohort effect, where certain population groups were more likely to be exposed to the virus during their life.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Infectionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Human HEV infection, investigated using seroprevalence studies, was found to be more prevalent in older ages [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], lower socio-economic status [21], poorer residence areas [9,[14][15], among sheltered homeless adults [22] or uneducated people [14], specific nationalities (for example, higher in mixed race donors and ethnic groups within China [12,15], or in immigrants from Afghanistan [14]), drinking water from wells or rivers [15], consumption of meat products [7,15,17,23] especially pork [24,25] and following blood transfusions [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in dromedary camels, Bedouins, Muslim Arabs and Jews in Israel, 2009–2017

et al. 2019

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. Recently, HEV-7 has been shown to infect camels and humans. We studied HEV seroprevalence in dromedary camels and among Bedouins, Arabs (Muslims, none-Bedouins) and Jews and assessed factors associated with anti-HEV seropositivity. Serum samples from dromedary camels (n = 86) were used to determine camel anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA positivity. Human samples collected between 2009 and 2016 from >20 years old Bedouins (n = 305), non-Bedouin Arabs (n = 320) and Jews (n = 195), were randomly selected using an age-stratified sampling design. Human HEV IgG levels were determined using Wantai IgG ELISA assay. Of the samples obtained from camels, 68.6% were anti-HEV positive. Among the human populations, Bedouins and non-Bedouin Arabs had a significantly higher prevalence of HEV antibodies (21.6% and 15.0%, respectively) compared with the Jewish population (3.1%). Seropositivity increased significantly with age in all human populations, reaching 47.6% and 34.8% among ⩾40 years old, in Bedouins and non-Bedouin Arabs, respectively. The high seropositivity in camels and in ⩾40 years old Bedouins and non-Bedouin Arabs suggests that HEV is endemic in Israel. The low HEV seroprevalence in Jews could be attributed to higher socio-economic status.

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Section: Epidemiology and Infectionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in dromedary camels, Bedouins, Muslim Arabs and Jews in Israel, 2009–2017

et al. 2019

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“…This implies that the aboriginals have a higher seroprevalence of anti‐HEV than the urban Malaysian population. Increasing prevalence of HEV with increasing age has reported in many studies across worldwide (Azarkar, Ebrahimzadeh, Sharifzadeh, Ziaee, & Fereidouni, ; Bricks et al, ; van Gageldonk‐Lafeber et al, ). However, age‐specific prevalence of HEV in Malaysia from both the previous study (Seow et al, ) as well as the current study could not be established due to small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The study of seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus and an investigation into the lifestyle behaviours of the aborigines in Malaysia

Wong

Alias

Choy

et al. 2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Malaysia is a non‐endemic country for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. However, seroprevalence as high as 50% among samples of aboriginal people were reported over two decades ago. A total of 207 samples collected from seven aboriginal villages in rural settlements across two states in Malaysia were analysed for anti‐HEV IgG and IgM by an enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Following the detection of anti‐HEV seroprevalence, we organized health outreach to inform and educate the community. Qualitative interviews were conducted with individuals tested positive for anti‐HEV antibodies. Data derived from interviews and observations were used to investigate possible lifestyle behaviours associated with HEV infection. Anti‐HEV IgG was detected in six samples (5.9%) from the village of Dusun Kubur. Qualitative inquiry and observation study revealed poor dietary and household hygiene, contaminated food and water, contact with animal faeces, unsanitary and domestic waste disposal, and wildlife reservoirs could be the contributing factors for transmission and acquisition of HEV infection. Investigation during health outreach is important to provide insights for future empirical research and implementation for improvement of lifestyle behaviours among the aborigines. Managing the risk of HEV infection in the aborigines may reduce the risk of HEV transmission to the local communities.

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“…A recently published study showed a cohort of hepatitis C patients tested for HEV serology a by Wantai assay in São Paulo, in which 10.2% tested positive for anti‐HEV IgG. Within this cohort, a correlation between anti‐HEV IgG positivity and contact with pigs as well as pork meat consumption was detected …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Within this cohort, a correlation between anti-HEV IgG positivity and contact with pigs as well as pork meat consumption was detected. 15 Additionally, in recent publications in Europe, using the more sensitive Wantai assay, many different HEV seroprevalences were described. As reported, there seems to be a broad variation of results depending on the geographical area, as shown by a French study in blood donors, with an overall HEV IgG seroprevalence of 22.4% (8% to 86.4%), 16 in Spain 19.9%, in Switzerland from 12.8% to 33.6%, 17 and in Ireland 5.3%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and seroprevalence of hepatitis E evaluated in frozen‐serum samples (2002‐2003) of pregnant women compared with female blood donors in a Southern region of Brazil

Hardtke

Rocco

Ogata

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis E has always been related to morbidity in pregnant women. Its epidemiology is not well understood in Brazil. Therefore, we tested sera from 209 pregnant women and 199 female blood donors, collected at a single center in Curitiba, Brazil. The Wantai assay was used for testing the anti-hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and an in-house polymerase chain reaction process for testing HEV RNA. Anti-HEV was detected in 22.5% of the total group, 19% in the pregnant women group, and 26% in the blood donor group (P = 0.11), a much higher prevalence when compared with other studies in Brazil. Demographical analysis showed that 92.4% were born in the South Region of Brazil, 4.9% in the Southeast, and 2.7% were distributed over other regions of the country. With respect to their origin, 99% were from the South, 0.7% from the Southeast, and 0.2% from the Central-West regions. Income, education, race, number of pregnancies, and abortion did differ significantly when comparing both the groups (P < 0.001). Age >30 (P = 0.012) and the number (>3) of pregnancies (P = 0.008) were related to anti-HEV positivity. All anti-HEV IgG-positive females were HEV RNA negative. In conclusion, HEV positivity was found in one out of five young women, which showed an urgent need for further epidemiological studies in Brazil.

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Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in chronic hepatitis C in Brazil

Abstract: Patients with chronic hepatitis C are under risk of hepatitis E virus superinfection in São Paulo. Contact with pigs is a risk factor for the infection, suggesting a possible zoonosis with oral transmission.

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in dromedary camels, Bedouins, Muslim Arabs and Jews in Israel, 2009–2017

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in dromedary camels, Bedouins, Muslim Arabs and Jews in Israel, 2009–2017

The study of seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus and an investigation into the lifestyle behaviours of the aborigines in Malaysia

Risk factors and seroprevalence of hepatitis E evaluated in frozen‐serum samples (2002‐2003) of pregnant women compared with female blood donors in a Southern region of Brazil

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