Seroprevalence of equine piroplasms and host-related factors associated with infection in Greece

Roier

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

et al. 2011

Serum samples from 714 equids of Itaguaí and Serrana microregions, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, were examined by indirect fluorescent antibody test (titer 1:80) for Theileria equi. The prevalence in the microregions and factors associated with seropositivity were evaluated and the prevalence ratio (PR) calculated. The overall prevalence of T. equi infection was 81.09% (n = 579), with higher prevalence (p < 0.05) in the Itaguaí (85.43%) when compared to Serrana microregion (76.92%). The geographic area, altitude, farming condition and area of origin of equids were associated (p < 0.05) with seropositivity for T. equi. Equids reared in the Itaguaí microregion (PR = 1.11, p = 0.003) and at altitudes below 500 m (PR = 1.10; p = 0,014) were more likely to be seropositive for T. equi. Furthermore, when equids were born in the farm (PR = 1.10, p = 0.008) and reared with poor farming conditions (PR = 1.13, p = 0.018) they were more likely to be exposed to T. equi. The main ticks found on equids were Amblyomma cajennense and Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens. The microregions studied are endemic areas for equine theileriosis and there exists enzootic stability for T. equi. Only factors related to the collection area of serum samples influenced the seropositivity of equids for T. equi in that region.Keywords: horses, equine theileriosis, IFAT, prevalence, epidemiology. ResumoAmostras de soro de 714 equídeos das microrregiões de Itaguaí e Serrana, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foram submetidas ao teste de imunofluorescência indireta (título 1:80) para Theileria equi. A prevalência entre as microrregiões e os fatores associados à soropositividade foram avaliados e a razão de prevalência (RP) calculada. A prevalência geral para T. equi foi de 81,09% (n = 579), com maior prevalência (p < 0,05) para microrregião de Itaguaí (85,43%), quando comparado a Serrana (76,92%). A região, altitude, nível da propriedade e origem dos equídeos foram associados (p < 0,05) com a soropositividade para T. equi. Equídeos criados na microrregião de Itaguaí (RP = 1,11; p = 0,003) e em altitudes abaixo de 500 m (RP = 1.10; p = 0,014) apresentaram maior chance de se tornarem soropositivos para T. equi. Além disso, quando são criados em propriedades de nível ruim (RP = 1,13; p = 0,018) e nascidos na propriedade (RP = 1,10; p = 0,008) apresentaram mais chance de terem contato com T. equi. As principais espécies de carrapatos encontradas parasitando os equídeos foram Amblyomma cajennense e Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens. As microrregiões estudadas são endêmicas para theileriose equina e de estabilidade enzoótica para T. equi. Apenas os fatores relacionados à área de coleta das amostras de soro influenciaram a soropositividade dos equídeos para T. equi naquela região.Palavras-chave: equinos, theileriose equina, RIFI, prevalência, epidemiologia.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Factors associated to Theileria equi in equids of two microregions from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Roier

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

et al. 2011

Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan

“…Most studies on the prevalence of T. equi and B. caballi have been conducted in Southern Europe where the infection is endemic (Camacho et al, 2005;Leblond et al, 2005;Kouam et al, 2010;Moretti et al, 2010).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of the causative agents of equine piroplasmosis in the South West of The Netherlands and the identification of two autochthonous clinical Theileria equi infections

Butler

Stout

et al. 2012

The Veterinary Journal

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) has not been considered indigenous in The Netherlands.However, following detection of an apparently indigenous subclinical Babesia caballi infection in a horse on Schouwen-Duiveland (an island in the Zeeland Province), a survey was undertaken between May and September 2010 to assess the prevalence of the causative agents of EP in the South West of The Netherlands. Blood samples from 300 randomly selected horses were tested for specific antibodies against Theileria equi and B. caballi using an indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT), and for parasite DNA using a specific polymerase chain reaction combined with reverse line blotting (PCR-RLB). 2Twelve of the horses (4%) were seropositive for EP. Of these, nine (75%) were positive (titre ≥1:160) for B. caballi alone and three (25%) were also positive for T. equi. PCR-RLB detected T. equi DNA in five horses (1.6%), two of which were seronegative. Four (1.3%) of the positive horses (three positive for T. equi and one for both B. caballi and T. equi) were considered truly indigenous.During the study, two indigenous ponies from a farm situated outside the sampling area were diagnosed with acute clinical piroplasmosis characterized by severe anaemia and pyrexia.Blood smears showed T. equi-like inclusions in red blood cells, and T. equi infection was confirmed in both ponies by PCR-RLB. The initial subclinical B. caballi infection, the survey results and the two acute clinical EP cases confirmed the autochthonous transmission of B.caballi and T. equi infections in The Netherlands.

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

“…5 ml of blood was collected, 2.5 ml blood was put in anticoagulant ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) vaccutainers for parasitological and DNA analysis while 2.5 ml blood was put in serum tubes. The serum was collected into plain vaccutainer tubes without anticoagulant, serum was separated from blood cells by centrifugation at 2500 rpm for 15 min and stored at -20ºC until use in a competitive-ELISA (cELISA) (Kouam et al, 2010) for both T. equi and B. caballi. The total number of donkeys was 25, while camels were 85 giving a total of 110 animal samples collected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological prevalence of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in camels and donkeys from Karamoja sub-region, North-eastern Uganda

Nakayima¹,

Nanfuka²,

Aleper³

et al. 2017

Equine piroplasmosis is a severe disease of horses caused by the intra-erythrocyte protozoan, Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. T. equi and B. caballi infections were assessed in serum from camels and donkeys using competitive-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) assay. A total 110 animals were studied including 25 donkeys and 85 camels from two districts viz. Moroto and Amudat in Karamoja sub-region, North-eastern Uganda. All the (100%) donkeys tested were positive for Babesia/T. equi while none of the camels had been exposed to the infection. All animals were negative to B. caballi cELISA. Our findings indicated that all donkeys sampled in Karamoja sub-region have been exposed to T. equi and this could be prevalent in equine population in Uganda. No exposure status to B. caballi was reported. This study represents the first report on the status of T. equi and B. caballi infection in Uganda.