Seroprevalence of equine influenza virus in northeast and southern Mexico

Blitvich, Bradley J.; Ibarra-Juárez, Luis A.; Cortés-Guzmán, Antonio Juan; Root, J. Jeffrey; Franklin, Alan B.; Sullivan, Heather J.; Fernández‐Salas, Ildefonso

doi:10.1136/vr.b4845

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A significantly varied seroprevalence at the county level was observed in this study, in accordance with the results originating from different countries (BLITVICH et al, 2010, VIRMANI et al, 2010. Counties with the highest seroprevalence (Virovitica-Podravina and Zagreb/City of Zagreb) have the highest percentage of sport and leisure horses in Croatia, implicating once again the intensive movement of sport animals as a well-known risk factor for the spread of EI (WATSON et al, 2011;GILDEA et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The post-outbreak EI seroprevalence in continental Croatia was 12.3%, which is higher than in the study by BADIEI et al (2013), but significantly lower in comparison with other studies, where the seroprevalence varied between 26.4% and 58% (BLITVICH et al, 2010;AHARONSON-RAZ et al, 2014;JIMÉNEZ et al, 2014). Interestingly, HA antibody titres in positive animals varied widely from 1:8 to 1:512.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

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Outbreak of equine influenza in Croatia in 2015 and post outbreak epidemiological situation

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Outbreak of equine influenza in Croatia in 2015 and post outbreak epidemiological situation

et al. 2018

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“…A limiting factor in this study is the lack of information about the permanence of stray dogs in animal shelters. The seropositivity of horses analyzed in this study (92.68%) was greater than 57.89% reported in Nuevo León in 2010 (Blitvich et al, 2010). However, this percentage is similar to that reported by Gaíva e Silva et al, in unvaccinated horses from Brazil during an outbreak in 2014, where they found a seroprevalence of 92%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In Mexico, the presence of the virus in canine and equine populations has been suspected due to the detection of antibodies in pet dogs (Ramírez et al, 2013) and horses (Blitvich et al, 2010), however, the virus itself has not been detected. Mexico has a population of more than six million horses intended for different activities.…”

Section: Manuscript To Be Reviewedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #2 of "Genetic and serologic surveillance of canine (CIV) and equine (EIV) influenza virus in Nuevo León State, México (v0.1)"

2019

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Background: Despite the uncontrolled distribution of the Influenza A virus through wild birds, the detection of canine (CIV) and equine influenza virus (EIV) in Mexico was absent until now. Recently, outbreaks of equine and canine influenza have been reported around the world; the virus spreads quickly among animals and there is potential for zoonotic transmission. Methods: Amplification of the Influenza A virus matrix gene from necropsies, nasal and conjunctival swabs from trash service horses and pets/stray dogs was performed through RT-PCR. The seroprevalence was carried out through Sandwich ELISA system using the M1 recombinant protein and polyclonal antibodies anti-M1. Results: The matrix gene was amplified from 13 (19.11%) nasal swabs, 2 (2.94%) conjunctival swabs and 5 (7.35%) lung necropsies, giving a total of 20 (29.41%) positive samples in a pet dog population. A total of 6 (75%) positive samples of equine nasal swab were amplified. Sequence analysis showed 96-99% identity with sequences of Influenza A virus matrix gene present in H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed higher identity with matrix gene sequences detected from zoonotic isolates of subtype H1N1/2009.

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“…In Mexico, the presence of the virus in canine and equine populations has been suspected due to the detection of antibodies in pet dogs (Ramírez-Martínez et al, 2013) and horses (Blitvich et al, 2010), however, the virus itself has not been detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and serologic surveillance of canine (CIV) and equine (EIV) influenza virus in Nuevo León State, México

Plata-Hipólito

Cedillo-Rosales

Obregón-Macías

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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BackgroundDespite the uncontrolled distribution of the Influenza A virus through wild birds, the detection of canine influenza virus and equine influenza virus in Mexico was absent until now. Recently, outbreaks of equine and canine influenza have been reported around the world; the virus spreads quickly among animals and there is potential for zoonotic transmission.MethodsAmplification of the Influenza A virus matrix gene from necropsies, nasal and conjunctival swabs from trash service horses and pets/stray dogs was performed through RT-PCR. The seroprevalence was carried out through Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system using the M1 recombinant protein and polyclonal antibodies anti-M1.ResultsThe matrix gene was amplified from 13 (19.11%) nasal swabs, two (2.94%) conjunctival swabs and five (7.35%) lung necropsies, giving a total of 20 (29.41%) positive samples in a pet dog population. A total of six (75%) positive samples of equine nasal swab were amplified. Sequence analysis showed 96–99% identity with sequences of Influenza A virus matrix gene present in H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences revealed higher identity with matrix gene sequences detected from zoonotic isolates of subtype H1N1/2009. The detection of anti-M1 antibodies in stray dogs showed a prevalence of 123 (100%) of the sampled population, whereas in horses, 114 (92.68%) positivity was obtained.ConclusionThe results unveil the prevalence of Influenza A virus in the population of horses and dogs in the state of Nuevo Leon, which could indicate a possible outbreak of equine and Canine Influenza in Mexico. We suggest that the prevalence of Influenza virus in companion animals be monitored to investigate its epizootic and zoonotic potential, in addition to encouraging the regulation of vaccination in these animal species in order to improve their quality of life.

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Seroprevalence of equine influenza virus in northeast and southern Mexico

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Outbreak of equine influenza in Croatia in 2015 and post outbreak epidemiological situation

Outbreak of equine influenza in Croatia in 2015 and post outbreak epidemiological situation

Peer Review #2 of "Genetic and serologic surveillance of canine (CIV) and equine (EIV) influenza virus in Nuevo León State, México (v0.1)"

Genetic and serologic surveillance of canine (CIV) and equine (EIV) influenza virus in Nuevo León State, México

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