Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection among healthy blood donors in Bahia State, Brazil

Abstract

We aimed at analyzing the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) and to assess particular aspects of the related immunological profile among blood donors in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Immunoassays were performed to detect anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies and the anti-CMV IgG avidity was evaluated. The methodology used was Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) with results being confirmed by chemiluminescence. Reactivity to CMV was compared between genders and age groups. Among the 636 healthy blood donors tested, 428 (67.3%) were men and 208 (32.7%) were women. The overall seroprevalence of CMV was 87.9%; seroprevalence was statistically higher in women (94.7%) than in men (84.6%-p<0.05). No sample was positive for anti-CMV IgM antibodies. About 4.6% of the sample tested showed high titers of anti-CMV IgG; in these cases an IgG avidity assay was performed that showed: low avidity (31%), moderate avidity (21%), and high avidity (48%). The high CMV seroprevalence underscores the importance of using strategies such as leukoreduction and transfusion with CMV-seronegative blood in patients who are at high risk of developing severe CMV infection. The high titers of anti-CMV IgG antibodies and its IgG avidity profile suggest the possibility of viral reactivation or re-infection. Rev. Bras. Hematol. Hemoter.

Evaluation of Pregnant Women Susceptible to Cytomegalovirus Infection in Maiduguri, Nigeria

“…However, there was statistical association between seronegativity with education level and history of previous blood transfusion. These findings are in consonance with previous studies (Hamdan et al, 2011;Matos et al, 2010;Yeroh et al, 2015;Akinbami et al, 2011).…”

“…This was higher among those that were never transfused than those that had been transfused. This result agrees with the report that blood transfusion was shown to be a risk factor for transmission of CMV infection (Matos et al, 2010). This is true because CMV testing is not part of laboratory screening in blood transfusion services, coupled with the high IgM seropositivity in African societies, recipients are either endangered with contracting CMV infections or acquire passive immunity from IgG seropositive donors (Juckstock et al, 2015).…”

The Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus among Eligible Blood Donors in Keffi, Nigeria

“…However it is in contrast with the work of Arun et al, (2012) where the seroprevalence rate was higher in males (76.03%) than females (23.97%). It has been reported that infected infants and children especially those under 30 months old actively excrete the virus in their saliva and urine and so serve as the common source of infection for adults (Matos et al, 2010). In the study area, children are known to be carried by both male and female adults.…”

“…Like most other herpes viruses, CMV remains latent in the host after primary infection and persists for life in the organism. Latent CMV is associated with white blood cells which aids its transmissionby transfusion of cellular blood components ( Matos et al, 2010). Nevertheless, these viruses can be reactivated in immunosuppressed individuals and can be an important cause of morbidity and mortality.…”

Rapid gynogenetic mapping of Xenopus tropicalis mutations to chromosomes

“…Patients were stratified, in accordance with Matos et al [2010], into four groups according to anti‐CMV IgG serological titers. It was observed that most CMV seropositive HDPs had anti‐CMV IgG in low titers (0.45–5.00 IU/ml; Fig.…”