Seroprevalence of Camel Brucellosis and Molecular Characterization of Brucella melitensis Recovered from Dromedary Camels in Egypt

Ibrahim, Hosein Hosein; Rouby, Sherin; Menshawy, Ahmed M. S.; Ghazy, Nabila A.

doi:10.14737/journal.rjvp/2016/4.1.17.24

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…melitensis Biovar 1. These results are consistent with the previous reports [ 61 - 64 ]. The primary hosts for B. melitensis are small ruminants, suggesting that the sensitivity of serological tests is higher than that of the culture method.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in the Arabian Gulf region

Mola

Salib

2020

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonosis that occurs worldwide. There were more efforts to control brucellosis in all countries. This study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in some areas in the Arabian Gulf. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed 8500 sera from non-vaccinated sheep and goats. Animals included 6441 sheep (3420 from farms and 3021 from quarantine) and 2059 goats (1580 from farms and 479 from quarantine). Sera were tested using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and confirmed with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) test. Final confirmation analyzed blood samples from confirmed infected animals (n=30, 23 sheep and seven goats) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture. Results: The serological examination showed that 62/8500 of animals (0.729%, confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.57-0.94) were seropositive for brucellosis. Thirteen of 5000 (0.26%, CI 95% 0.15-0.45) and 49/3500 (1.4%, CI 95% 1.1-1.8) of animals from farms and quarantine were seropositive, respectively. Out of the 6441, 46 (0.71%) sheep and 16/2059 (0.78%) goats were seropositive. i-ELISA confirmed 41/62 RBPT-positive animals – 41/8500 (0.482%, CI 95% 0.36-0.65). Eight of 5000 of these animals (0.16%, CI 95% 0.08-0.32) and 33/3500 (0.94%, CI 95% 0.67-1.3) were confirmed positive in farms and quarantine, respectively. Thirty of 6441 (0.466%) and 11/2059 (0.534%) cases were positive in sheep and goats, respectively. PCR confirmed 18 of 41 positive animals (0.212% of all sera, CI 95% 0.13-0.34) identified by both RBPT and i-ELISA. Three of 5000 (0.06%, CI 95% 0.019-0.19) and 15/3500 (0.429%, CI 95% 0.26-0.71) from farms and quarantine were confirmed positive. Tissue samples (uterine, supra-mammary, testicular, and accessory glands lymph node) were collected from positive animals, as detected by RBPT and i-ELISA, at culling or slaughtering. Using in vitro culture, 14/30 were confirmed positive – 3/7 from farms (two sheep and one goat) and 11/23 from quarantine (nine sheep and two goats). Biovar 1 was dominant. PCR confirmed 23/30 tissue samples, 4/7 from farms (three sheep and one goat), and 19/23 from quarantine (15 sheep and four goats). Conclusion: The overall brucellosis rate in sheep and goats is 0.48%, with fewer animals from farms testing positive (0.16%) in this area of the Arabian Gulf. The infection appears to be well controlled, and continuous effort is still needed to maintain control and completely eradicate brucellosis. Additional support is needed for testing and slaughterhouse monitoring. In quarantine (imported animals), brucellosis infection in the slaughterhouse (0.94%) could pose a risk for transmission and spread of infection. The effort is needed to monitor this threat, and PCR is a sensitive and time-saving test for brucellosis diagnosis. All 14 confirmed positive samples were Biovar 1 dominant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in the Arabian Gulf region

Mola

Salib

2020

Vet World

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“…Despite this substantial number of studies and reports worldwide, there are still no accurate estimates about the global prevalence of brucellosis in terrestrial wildlife. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the Office International des Epizootics (OIE) consider brucellosis as one of the most important neglected zoonotic diseases in the world (Corbel, 1997;Franc, Krecek, Häsler, & Arenas-Gamboa, 2018;Hosein, Rouby, Menshawy, & Ghazy, 2016;McLeod, 2011;Musallam, Abo-Shehada, Hegazy, Holt, & Guitian, 2016). The species that most often infect humans is Brucella melitensis, followed by B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis (Dadar, Shahali, & Wareth, 2019;Whatmore, 2009) and B. inopinata (De et al, 2008;Scholz et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global epidemiology of Brucella infections in terrestrial wildlife: A meta‐analysis

Dadar

Shahali

Fakhri

et al. 2020

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease with serious consequences on human and animal health. Brucella infections were reported in many terrestrial wild animals, from subtropical and temperate regions to arctic regions. In many areas, the epidemiology of brucellosis in wildlife is closely associated with the occurrence of the disease in livestock. Some wild species may contribute to the re-introduction of Brucella infections in livestock (spillback), even in officially brucellosis-free (OBF) regions. Through meta-regression analysis, this study draws a global picture of the prevalence of Brucella spp. in terrestrial wild animals, trying to determine most affected subgroups as well as preferential sampling and screening methods. For this purpose, a literature search was carried out among publications published from 1983 to 2019. Different subgroups were compared according to animal species, feeding, gender, age as well as the method used for sampling and for brucellosis diagnostic.To determine heterogeneity of studies, chi-squared test was used and a randomeffects model (REM) estimated the pooled prevalence among subgroups. A total of 68 publications, comprising 229 data reports/studies, were selected. The most-reported Brucella species in wildlife was Brucella abortus, and the highest prevalence rate was found in American bison, Bison bison (39.9%) followed by Alpine ibex, Capra ibex (33%). Serology was the most widely applied diagnostic approach (66%), while PCR appeared to be highly sensitive (36.62% of positive results). The gender of animals showed no significant association with the prevalence of brucellosis (p > .05).Blood samples and visceral organs constituted the great majority of specimen used for the detection of Brucella spp., while lymph nodes showed a high prevalence of positive samples (94.6%). The present study provides insight into the global epidemiology and enzootic potential of brucellosis in wild terrestrial animals worldwide, aiming at helping the appropriate authorities to strengthen prevention, surveillance and control strategies.

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“…In camels, the prevalence was 12.9% in the Shalateen region of the Red Sea governorate [5]. One study from the regions of Siwa Oasis, Asyut and Cairo reported a prevalence of 4.17% using RBPT [34]. A similar study from Beheira district revealed prevalence figures of 8.74% and 9.26% using RBPT and ELISA, respectively [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Molecular Identification of Brucella spp. in Camels in Egypt

et al. 2020

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Brucellosis is one of the most important worldwide zoonoses of many countries including Egypt. Camel brucellosis has not gained much attention in Egypt yet. This study is focused on the three governorates with the highest camel populations and the largest camel markets in the country to determine the disease seroprevalence and identify the Brucella species in local camel holdings. In total, 381 serum samples were collected from male and female camels from Giza, Aswan, and Al-Bahr Al-Ahmar (the Red Sea) governorates. Samples were serologically examined using the Rose–Bengal plate test (RBPT), indirect ELISA (i-ELISA), competitive ELISA (c-ELISA) and complement fixation test (CFT). Brucella antibodies were detected in 59 (15.5%), 87 (22.8%), 77 (20.2%) and 118 (31.0%) of sera by RBPT, i-ELISA, c-ELISA and CFT, respectively. Using real-time PCR, Brucella DNA was amplified in 32 (8.4%) seropositive samples including Brucella abortus (25/32), Brucella suis (5/32) and Brucella melitensis (2/32), defining a complex epidemiological status. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting Brucella suis DNA in camel serum. The risk-associated factors including age, sex, breed and geographical distribution were statistically analyzed, showing non-significant association with seroprevalence. The results of this study will raise awareness for camel brucellosis and help develop effective control strategies.

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Seroprevalence of Camel Brucellosis and Molecular Characterization of Brucella melitensis Recovered from Dromedary Camels in Egypt

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in the Arabian Gulf region

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in the Arabian Gulf region

The global epidemiology of Brucella infections in terrestrial wildlife: A meta‐analysis

Seroprevalence and Molecular Identification of Brucella spp. in Camels in Egypt

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