Seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in organized and unorganized sectors of Gujarat state, India

Kanani, Amit; Dabhi, S.; Patel, Yash; Chandra, Visalini; Kumar, O.R. Vinodh; Shome, Rajeswari

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2018.1030-1036

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In comparison to i-ELISA, Sn, and Sp of the RBPT are lower. However, RBPT is convenient because of low cost, feasibility, and reliability as a field diagnostic test compared with i-ELISA [ 37 , 38 ]. The latter technique provides acceptable sensitivity and specificity [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in the Arabian Gulf region

Mola

Salib

2020

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonosis that occurs worldwide. There were more efforts to control brucellosis in all countries. This study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in some areas in the Arabian Gulf. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed 8500 sera from non-vaccinated sheep and goats. Animals included 6441 sheep (3420 from farms and 3021 from quarantine) and 2059 goats (1580 from farms and 479 from quarantine). Sera were tested using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and confirmed with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) test. Final confirmation analyzed blood samples from confirmed infected animals (n=30, 23 sheep and seven goats) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture. Results: The serological examination showed that 62/8500 of animals (0.729%, confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.57-0.94) were seropositive for brucellosis. Thirteen of 5000 (0.26%, CI 95% 0.15-0.45) and 49/3500 (1.4%, CI 95% 1.1-1.8) of animals from farms and quarantine were seropositive, respectively. Out of the 6441, 46 (0.71%) sheep and 16/2059 (0.78%) goats were seropositive. i-ELISA confirmed 41/62 RBPT-positive animals – 41/8500 (0.482%, CI 95% 0.36-0.65). Eight of 5000 of these animals (0.16%, CI 95% 0.08-0.32) and 33/3500 (0.94%, CI 95% 0.67-1.3) were confirmed positive in farms and quarantine, respectively. Thirty of 6441 (0.466%) and 11/2059 (0.534%) cases were positive in sheep and goats, respectively. PCR confirmed 18 of 41 positive animals (0.212% of all sera, CI 95% 0.13-0.34) identified by both RBPT and i-ELISA. Three of 5000 (0.06%, CI 95% 0.019-0.19) and 15/3500 (0.429%, CI 95% 0.26-0.71) from farms and quarantine were confirmed positive. Tissue samples (uterine, supra-mammary, testicular, and accessory glands lymph node) were collected from positive animals, as detected by RBPT and i-ELISA, at culling or slaughtering. Using in vitro culture, 14/30 were confirmed positive – 3/7 from farms (two sheep and one goat) and 11/23 from quarantine (nine sheep and two goats). Biovar 1 was dominant. PCR confirmed 23/30 tissue samples, 4/7 from farms (three sheep and one goat), and 19/23 from quarantine (15 sheep and four goats). Conclusion: The overall brucellosis rate in sheep and goats is 0.48%, with fewer animals from farms testing positive (0.16%) in this area of the Arabian Gulf. The infection appears to be well controlled, and continuous effort is still needed to maintain control and completely eradicate brucellosis. Additional support is needed for testing and slaughterhouse monitoring. In quarantine (imported animals), brucellosis infection in the slaughterhouse (0.94%) could pose a risk for transmission and spread of infection. The effort is needed to monitor this threat, and PCR is a sensitive and time-saving test for brucellosis diagnosis. All 14 confirmed positive samples were Biovar 1 dominant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in the Arabian Gulf region

Mola

Salib

2020

Vet World

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“…Sheep and goats help support the livelihoods of millions of poor rural households in India [1]. An estimated 98% of small ruminants are owned by small, landless, and often illiterate farmers [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both pathogens cause chronic infection in the uterus and mammary glands of infected goats and sheep [26] and are both shed mostly in placental membranes and birth fluids, but also in milk and faeces [27]. Both cause fever and chronic disease in humans [1], are resistant in the environment, can spread as aerosols and may cause large-scale outbreaks due to their low infectious dose [27]. Coxiellosis can also be transmitted to livestock via tick bites [18,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sharp increase in human brucellosis in recent years has been attributed to Brucella melitensis [ 11 , 12 ], which is the species usually responsible for small ruminant brucellosis [ 13 ]. To date, a limited number of small ruminant studies have been carried out in India to understand brucellosis seroprevalence [ 1 , 14 – 16 ], but other infectious agents have been overlooked [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for Brucella spp. and Coxiella burnetii infection among small ruminants in Eastern India

Leahy

Shome

Deka³

et al. 2020

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Small ruminants are the main reservoirs for brucellosis and coxiellosis, two zoonotic diseases affecting livestock production, and posing a public health threat in India. Understanding disease prevalence and risk factors associated with small ruminant infection can help mitigate disease transmission. We report a cross-sectional survey in the states of Assam and Odisha in Eastern India. We interviewed 244 farmers to assess knowledge, attitude and practices relevant to brucellosis and coxiellosis infection. Serum samples from 411 goats and 21 sheep were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Rose-Bengal Brucella agglutination plate test. Higher Brucella and Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence were found in Odisha (22% and 11.5%, respectively) than Assam (9.8% and 1.6%, respectively), and certain districts in Odisha were at higher risk. No association was found between seropositive animals and clinical signs, a challenge when attempting to identify seropositive animals in the herd. None of the farmers interviewed were aware of brucellosis, its aetiology, clinical form, or zoonotic risk. This study acts as a first indication of the extent of these diseases among small ruminants in these Indian states, highlighting how farming practices are associated with increased risk of infection. More research is urgently needed to mitigate zoonoses transmission in this region.

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“…B. melitensis infection in sheep is endemic in Mediterranean region, Central Asia, Southern Arabian Peninsula, Eastern Mongolia, parts of Latin America, mainly Mexico, Peru and Northern Argentina, Africa and India. In India, the seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants have been evaluated throughout the country 1,2 . The route of infection is through direct or indirect contact as animals become infected by aerosols or by intake of infected material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Diagnostic Potential of Recombinant Outer Membrane Protein (rOmp28) of Brucella Melitensis for Serodiagnosis of Ovine and Caprine Brucellosis

Kumar

Suryawanshi²,

Thavaselvam

2019

Def. Life. Sc. Jl.

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Brucella melitensis is the main causative agent of brucellosis in small ruminants. The diagnosis of brucellosis is mostly done by isolation of bacteria from aborted material, udder secretions or from tissues of infected animals. The presumptive diagnosis of Brucellosis is attempted by elucidating the serological responses to Brucella antigens. The present study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of rOmp28 antigen of Brucella melitensis for ovine and caprine brucellosis. A total of 163 clinical samples (n=79 samples of ovine and n=84 samples of caprine) were tested in an indirect plate-ELISA format using rOmp28 antigen. Results of rOmp28 antigen based indirect ELISA were also compared with the native antigens [cell envelope antigen (CE) and whole cell sonicated antigen (SA)] based ELISA and with conventional Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT). Recombinant Omp28 antigen showed high sensitivity and specificity i.e., 71.4%, 97.7% for ovine samples and 74%, 87.8% for caprine samples as compared with CE antigen (40%, 75%) and (44%, 67.6%) and SA antigen (37.1%, 84%) and (42%, 70.5%) for ovine and caprine samples respectively. This study demonstrated that rOmp28 can be a good candidate antigen in the serodiagnosis of ovine and caprine brucellosis in India and also further in the development of rapid field-adaptable diagnostic assay for screening of ovine and caprine brucellosis.

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Seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in organized and unorganized sectors of Gujarat state, India

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in the Arabian Gulf region

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and goats in the Arabian Gulf region

Risk factors for Brucella spp. and Coxiella burnetii infection among small ruminants in Eastern India

Evaluation of Diagnostic Potential of Recombinant Outer Membrane Protein (rOmp28) of Brucella Melitensis for Serodiagnosis of Ovine and Caprine Brucellosis

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