Seroprevalence of brucellosis in sheep and isolation of Brucella abortus biovar 6 in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

Abstract

SummaryBrucellosis is one of the important zoonotic diseases among livestock. This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis and isolate Brucella spp. in sheep in Kassala State in the east of Sudan. Two thousand and five serum samples were randomly collected from nine different localities. All serum samples were examined by the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and the modified RBPT (mRBPT). Forty-three (2.15%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6, 3.0) and 68 (3.4%, 95% CI: 2.6, 4.2) samples were positive with the RBPT and the mRBPT, respectively. According to a known diagnostic sensitivity of 86.6% and a known diagnostic specificity of 97.6% for the mRBPT, the true prevalence was estimated to be 1.2% (95% CI: 0.3, 2.2). Different tissue samples were collected from 41 mRBPT seropositive animals. Brucella abortus biovar 6 was isolated from a pyometra of a seropositive ewe. It is important to note that B. abortus biovar 6 cannot be differentiated from Brucella melitensis biovar 2 by routine bacteriology. Only phage typing performed in reference laboratories will allow accurate identification of the strain. The fact that B. abortus biovar 6 does not require CO 2 for growth, combined with the fact that it has been isolated from a small ruminant in this study, could easily have led to misidentification (as B. melitensis biovar 2), to wrong epidemiological inferences and to the implementation of inappropriate control measures. The results presented here suggest that sheep are spillover hosts, as previously described for camels, and that the actual reservoir of B. abortus biovar 6 is cattle in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan. This study highlights the importance of isolating and identifying Brucella spp. in different livestock species in order to accurately decipher brucellosis epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa. KeywordsBrucella abortus biovar 6 -Brucella melitensis biovar 2 -Brucellosis -Eastern SudanEpidemiology -Livestock -Reservoir host -Spillover host -sub-Saharan Africa.

Seroepidemiology of Ovine Brucellosis in East and West Shewa Zones of Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia

“…Previous studies from Ethiopia reported that there was significant association (P<0.05) between seropoistivity to brucellosis and history of previous abortion in sheep [32]. The detection of 3.57% seropositivity in the current study is a good evidence for the presence and circulation of brucella infection among indigenous sheep flocks and that seronegative animals are at high risk of acquiring the infection or are within the incubation period of the disease.…”

“…has never been isolated from specimens and attempt to contain the disease is very much limited. On the other hand Brucella abortus biovar 6 was isolated recently in Kassala State (Eastern Sudan) from a mRBPT seropositive ewe suffering from pyometra [32]. From the questionnaire survey it was evident that majority of sheep herders and owners have poor knowledge about the importance of hygiene and good husbandry practices as a cheapest means of prevention of brucellosis.…”

Seroprevalence of brucellosis among cattle slaughtered in three municipal abattoirs of Gombe state, Northeastern Nigeria

“…In Eastern Sudan, Gumaa et al . [12] reported seroprevalence of 2.15%, after sampling 2500 serum samples collected from sheep. The difference in prevalence could be due to the difference in breeds, geographical location, sample size, serological techniques, and inter-laboratory variation.…”

“…Other factors reported to facilitate the occurrence of bovine brucellosis includes, season of the year, lactation, and pregnancy [7,12]. The occurrence of brucellosis in animals has been reported to be a factor limiting the growth and success of livestock in Nigeria [11].…”

A Review of Zoonotic Pathogens of Dromedary Camels

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