Seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and selected wildlife species at selected livestock/wildlife interface areas of the Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe

Ndengu, Masimba; Matope, Gift; Garine‐Wichatitsky, Michel De; Tivapasi, Musavengana; Scacchia, Massimo; Bonfini, Barbara; Pfukenyi, Davies M.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.08.004

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A cow in the second or third lactation stage was 1.7 and 2.5 times more likely to be sero-positive for bovine brucellosis than one in the first or dry lactations stage. These findings are in agreement with reports in India and Zimbabwe, where the risk of brucellosis increased in pluriparous cows [ 27 , 40 ]. Similarly, the phenomenon with age has been extensively documented elsewhere [ 13 ], which has been attributed to resistance that exists due to sexual immaturity and or passive immunity of calves acquire to transfer of maternal antibodies through colostrum [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and their herders in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan

et al. 2018

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BackgroundBrucellosis is a worldwide recognized bacterial zoonotic disease. There is currently no information on bovine brucellosis sero-prevalence in South Sudan regardless of the economic, social and public health impact on populations. Therefore, for the first time in 33 years, we report the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and their herders. Furthermore, we characterize the drivers associated with the disease at the human-animal interface in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan.MethodsA total of 893 and 87 animal and human sera respectively were examined between December 2015 and May 2016. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (c-ELISA) were used in parallel to detect anti-Brucella antibodies. Questionnaires were administered to collect relevant metadata used for the association analysis in R version 3.2.3. Odds Ratio (OR) and Confidence Intervals (CI) were determined.ResultsOverall bovine brucellosis prevalence was 31% (95%CI = 28.0–34.2), with the highest 63% (95%CI = 53–70) and lowest 10% (95%CI = 4.5–20.1) prevalence estimates in Wau and Gogrial states respectively. The bovine sero-prevalence was approximately equally distributed among the male 30.4% (26.9–34.2) and the females 32.5% (26.8–38.7). Poor body condition (OR = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.07–0.54) and larger herd sizes (OR = 0.05; 95%CI = 0.008–0.173) were protective factors for brucellosis, while the opposite was true for the second (OR = 1.70; 95%CI = 1.08–2.67) and third (OR = 2.5; 95%CI = 1.46–4.47) lactation stage. The overall brucellosis sero-prevalence in herders was estimated at 33.3% (23.9–44.3).ConclusionWe report a high prevalence of anti-Brucella antibodies in cattle and their herders in Bahr el Ghazal, indicating an enzootic status in the cattle population being an important source of infection for humans. This represents a genuine public health challenge. Therefore, there is need to raise awareness and build capacity and infrastructure in this fragile state to underwrite future public health strategies for brucellosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and their herders in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan

et al. 2018

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“…This difference was explained by the absence of vaccination programs in the study area in Kenya [ 23 ] while in Zambia, the high seroprevalence was associated with abortions and cattle shared grazing pastures and watering points with wildlife [ 36 ]. Moreover, the seroprevalence of brucellosis was reported in cattle, buffaloes, and humans at the interface in Tanzania [ 20 , 37 ] and in Zimbabwe [ 24 , 25 ], and this suggests the spillover of brucellosis between these species. The current study together with the above studies confirmed that bovine brucellosis is prevalent in cattle farmed at the wildlife-livestock-human interface, and higher incidences of brucellosis occur in herds with increased interactions between livestock and wildlife.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An increase of 42.0% in herd prevalence from 2017 [ 22 ] to 2019 [ 23 ] in the Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, may have resulted from the increased interactions of wildlife and livestock animals due to demographic pressures. Studies in Africa have documented brucellosis seroprevalence in African buffaloes ranging from 7.9% to 20.7% [ 20 , 21 , 24 , 25 ]. Strategic control programs are needed for livestock farmed at the interface since the control of the disease in wildlife remains impossible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface in Rwanda

et al. 2020

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Bovine brucellosis is endemic in Rwanda; however, little information is available on seroprevalence and risk factors. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted among cattle farmed at the wildlife-livestock-human interface (n = 1691) in five districts and one peri-urban district (n = 216). Cattle were screened using the Rose Bengal test, then the results were confirmed by indirect enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay. Potential risk factors were determined with a questionnaire and analyzed for their association with seropositivity. In all districts, the animal and herd-level seroprevalence was 7.4% (141/1907) and 28.9% (61/212), respectively, 8.3% (141/1691) and 30.9% (61/198) at the interface, and 0.0% (0/216) in peri-urban areas. Among the potential risk factors, old age (≥5 years), cattle farmed close to wildlife, herds of cattle and small ruminants, history of abortions, and replacement animals were significantly associated with brucellosis (p < 0.05). Low awareness of zoonotic brucellosis, assisting calving without biosafety protection, drinking raw milk, and manual milking were each observed in more than 21.7% of cattle keepers whose herds were seropositive. This study confirmed brucellosis endemicity in cattle farmed close to wildlife in Rwanda, suggesting the need to focus control efforts in these areas. Educated farmers with a high awareness of zoonotic brucellosis had low bovine brucellosis seropositivity, which emphasizes the importance of education.

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“…between livestock and wildlife [ 25 ]. Comparable results were obtained at selected livestock/wildlife interface areas of the Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe [ 26 ]. A recent study performed in South Africa in a rural community established at the border of Kruger National Park (home of more than 35,000 buffaloes with an estimated brucellosis seroprevalence of 10%) suggested that the close proximity of brucellosis-infected buffalo was not a threat to domestic animals in a controlled setting with vaccination, fencing, and movement control [ 27 ].…”

Section: Transmission Of Brucella Spp At the Wmentioning

confidence: 97%

Brucella spp. at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface: An Evolutionary Trajectory through a Livestock-to-Wildlife “Host Jump”?

Godfroid¹

2018

Veterinary Sciences

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Brucella infections in wildlife have gained a lot of interest from the scientific community and different stakeholders. These interests are often different and sometimes conflicting. As a result, different management perspectives and aims have been implemented (One Health, public health, veterinary public health, maintenance of a brucellosis free status in livestock, sustainable wildlife harvesting by hunters, wildlife and environmental health). When addressing Brucella infection in wildlife, the most important features of Brucella infection should be considered and the following questions need to be answered: (1) Is Brucella infection a result of a spillover from livestock or is it a sustainable infection in one or more wildlife host species? (2) Did the epidemiological situation of Brucella infection in wildlife change over time and, if so, what are the main drivers of change and does it impact the wildlife population dynamics? (3) Does Brucella infection in wildlife represent a reservoir of Brucella strains for livestock? (4) Is Brucella infection in wildlife of zoonotic concern? These questions point to the fundamental biological question of how animal (domestic and wildlife)/Brucella spp. partnerships are established. Will we be able to decipher an evolutionary trajectory through a livestock-to-wildlife “host jump”? Whole genome sequencing and new “omics” techniques will help in deciphering the molecular basis of Brucella host preference and open new avenues in brucellosis management aimed at preventing opportunities for Brucella host jumps.

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Seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle and selected wildlife species at selected livestock/wildlife interface areas of the Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and their herders in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan

The sero-prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and their herders in Bahr el Ghazal region, South Sudan

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface in Rwanda

Brucella spp. at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface: An Evolutionary Trajectory through a Livestock-to-Wildlife “Host Jump”?

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