Seroprevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in Cattle from the North West of Pakistan

Khan, Muhammad Faraz

doi:10.29261/pakvetj/2019.103

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Earlier studies used the agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID), and a limited number of cattle showed no seroreactivity to BLV [ 27 ]. However, a recent study carried out with the use of ELISA (IDEXX Leukosis Serum X2, IDEXX, Liebefeld, Switzerland) reported 20% seroreactivity when 600 cattle from herds located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region were tested [ 28 ]. In the present study, the median true prevalence in this region was 5.9% with a 95% credible interval of 3.9–8.6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These advantages make crossbred cattle highly preferred for intensive and semi-intensive dairy farming systems [ 30 ]. The population of crossbreed cattle is continually increasing, and represents about 13% of Pakistan’s total cattle population, while purebreds account for 43%, and nondescript for 44% [ 28 ]. We considered that the common housing of different breeds could be a factor promoting transmission of BLV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Originally, we planned to perform stratified random sampling from all seven regions, taking into account the proportional allocation of cattle within each region. In this study, number of animals was determined using the sample size estimation formula, n = Z 2 pq/L 2 [ 29 ], where n is the sample size, Z is the normal deviate (1,96) at 5% level of significance, p is 20% of expected prevalence on the basis of a previous study [ 28 ], q is the 1-p, and L is the acceptable error (2%) of prevalence. This gives us a value 1537 animals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both dairy cattle and water buffalo are important species in the rural economy in Pakistan as a part of the livestock population used as the main source for dairy production and as draught animals. In the past, some serological studies were undertaken, providing proof for the presence of BLV infection in dairy cattle and water buffalo [ 27 , 28 ]. However, a large serological survey for infection with BLV has not been performed thus far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bayesian Estimation of the True Seroprevalence and Risk Factor Analysis of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Pakistan

Ali

Rola–Łuszczak

Osiński

et al. 2021

Animals

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The objective of this study was to determine the true seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in dairy cattle from Pakistan at the animal and herd-level. We tested 1380 dairy cattle from 451 herds and 92 water buffalo. The sera were tested by ELISA and the results were analyzed using Bayesian inference. The median posterior estimate of the herd level true BLV prevalence was 1.4%, with a 95% credible interval (CI) 0.7–3.1, whereas the median posterior estimate of the within-farm true seroprevalence was 3.8% with a 95% CI 2.8–4.8. All 92 sera collected from water buffalo were negative. Several risk factors potentially associated with seropositivity to BLV infections in Pakistan were analyzed using logistic regression model based on calculation of an odds ratio (OR). The study showed an association between seropositivity and medium herd (≥50) size (OR = 23.57, 95% CI: 3.01–103.48). Common housing of indigenous cattle with exotic-breed cattle (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 06–2.35) or housing indigenous or their crossbred cattle with exotic-breed cattle (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.14–3.01) had no effect on the BLV seroprevalence. Similarly, common housing of cattle and water buffalo was not risk factor for increased BLV seropositivity (OR = 27.10, 95% CI: 0.63–119.34).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bayesian Estimation of the True Seroprevalence and Risk Factor Analysis of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Pakistan

Ali

Rola–Łuszczak

Osiński

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Pakistan has a large population of cattle, accounting for close to 50 million heads, which are an important component of the rural economy for dairy and dairy product production [ 39 ]. Recent studies showed serological evidence of infection with BLV in cattle from different regions in Pakistan [ 40 , 41 ]. In this study, we report the molecular analysis of BLV sequences obtained from infected cattle from different provinces in Pakistan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of the env Gene of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Cattle from Pakistan with NGS-Based Evidence of Virus Heterogeneity

et al. 2021

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Characterization of the global genetic diversity of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an ongoing international research effort. Up to now BLV sequences have been classified into eleven distinct genotypes. Although BLV genotyping and molecular analysis of field isolates were reported in many countries, there is no report describing BLV genotypes present in cattle from Pakistan. In this study we examined 27 env gene sequences from BLV-infected cattle coming from four farms located in Khyber Pakhtunkwa, Gilgit Baltisan and Punjab provinces. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the classification of Pakistani sequences into genotypes G1 and G6. The alignment with the FLK-BLV sequence revealed the presence of 45 mutations, namely, seven in genotype G1 and 33 in genotype G6. Five mutations were found in both, G1 and G6 genotypes. Twelve amino acid substitutions were found in the analyzed sequences, of which only one P264S was specific for sequences from Pakistan. Furthermore, a certain degree of nucleotide heterogeneity was identified by NGS. These results highlight the need for further study on the importance of genetic variability of BLV, especially in the context of its pathogenicity and potential effect on serological detection.

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Molecular investigation of possible relationships concerning bovine leukemia virus and breast cancer

Khan

Abubakar²,

Arshed³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Worldwide, breast cancer has an eminent morbidity and mortality rate, as it is a neoplastic disease among females. The query of the prospective danger of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) to humans is an old but exceedingly topical focus of scientific debate. The objective of the current study was to determine the possible relationship between BLV and breast cancer. A total of 2710 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer samples were selected regardless of the age, ethnicity, or municipality origin of the subjects. The presence of BLV in human breast cancer was determined through nested PCR by amplifying tax and gag genes followed by partial sequencing. Homology was confirmed by using the online BLAST Tool. BLV genes were found to be positive in 26.8% (728/2710) of the samples from breast cancer patients and 10% (10/80) of the samples without cancer (negative control). The results indicated a correlation between the presence of the BLV gene and breast cancer (odds ratio = 0.3889; confidence interval = 1,18; p = 0.0029). The current findings suggest a possible link between BLV and human breast carcinoma. Therefore, screening cattle herds and milk products is suggested to reduce the viral transmission risk to humans.

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Seroprevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in Cattle from the North West of Pakistan

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Bayesian Estimation of the True Seroprevalence and Risk Factor Analysis of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Pakistan

Bayesian Estimation of the True Seroprevalence and Risk Factor Analysis of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Pakistan

Molecular Characterization of the env Gene of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Cattle from Pakistan with NGS-Based Evidence of Virus Heterogeneity

Molecular investigation of possible relationships concerning bovine leukemia virus and breast cancer

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