Seroprevalence of avian influenza (H9N2) in broiler chickens in Northwest of Iran

Ghaniei, Abolfazl; Allymehr, Manoochehr; Moradschendi, Ali

doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60162-8

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Efficient virus replication in dogs and mice was also described [44,45]. The virus is now endemic and many reports described virus isolation or seroprevalence in chickens, turkeys and wild birds [39,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Vaccination was used in the field to mitigate the socioeconomic impact of the virus.…”

Section: Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief summary of the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of avian influenza H9N2 virus in birds and mammals in the Middle East and North Africa

2017

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H9N2 is the most widespread avian influenza virus subtype in poultry worldwide. It infects a broad spectrum of host species including birds and mammals. Infections in poultry and humans vary from silent to fatal. Importantly, all AIV, which are fatal in humans (e.g. H5N1, H7N9) acquired their 'internal' gene segments from H9N2 viruses. Although H9N2 is endemic in the Middle East (ME) and North Africa since the late 1990s, little is known about its epidemiology and genetics on a regional level. In this review, we summarised the epidemiological situation of H9N2 in poultry and mammals in Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Bahrain, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. The virus has been isolated from humans in Egypt and serosurveys indicated widespread infection particularly among poultry workers and pigs in some countries. Some isolates replicated well in experimentally inoculated dogs, mice, hamsters and ferrets. Insufficient protection of immunised poultry was frequently reported most likely due to concurrent viral or bacterial infections and antigenic drift of the field viruses from outdated vaccine strains. Genetic analysis indicated several distinct phylogroups including a panzootic genotype in the Asian and African parts of the ME, which may be useful for the development of vaccines. The extensive circulation of H9N2 for about 20 years in this region where the H5N1 virus is also endemic in some countries, poses a serious public health threat. Regional surveillance and control strategy are highly recommended.

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Section: Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief summary of the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of avian influenza H9N2 virus in birds and mammals in the Middle East and North Africa

2017

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“…Subtype H9N2 has spread globally and is reported to be enzootic in many Asian countries including China (Zhu et al 2013;Wang et al 2014), Korea (Kim et al 2006;Lee et al 2011), Pakistan (Cameron et al 2000), Iran (Ghaniei et al 2013) and Israel (Banet-Noach et al 2007). Although subtype H9N2 AIV is classified as LPAI, the economic losses associated with this subtype are enormous in many countries (Jakhesara et al 2014;Shehata et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemicity of avian influenza in ducks living around commercial layer farms

Tarigan¹,

Indriani²,

Sumarningsih³

2015

JITV

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Tetua dari semua virus avian influenza adalah itik atau unggas air lainya yang kemudian mengalami mutasi dan adaptasi sehingga menjadi patogen pada ayam atau unggas lainya. Oleh karena itu, penyidikan keberadaan virus influenza pada itik terutama yang dekat dengan peternakan ayam sangat penting. Serum dari 54 ekor itik dan 51 entok yang dipelihara penduduk disekitar peternakan ayam ras petelur komersial di Kabupaten Cianjur dan Sukabumi diambil pada bulan Maret dan April 2014. Indikasi adanya infeksi dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan serologis menggunakan serangkaian alat uji yang meliputi: competitive dan indirect ELISA untuk antibodi nucleoprotein, ELISA MM2e untuk antibodi protein M2e, uji HI, indirect ELISA dan dot blot untuk antibodi haemagglutinin, dan dot blot untuk antibodi neuraminidase. Haemagglutinin rekombinan (H1-H13 dan H15), neuraminidase rekombinan (N1, N2,N7 dan N9) dan rekombinan nucleoprotein virus influenza A digunakan dalam indirect ELISA dan dot blot. Sebanyak 63% dari itik dan 13% dari entok memiliki antibodi terhadap nucleoprotein, dan 62% dari sampel itik yang seropositif nucleoprotein juga memiliki antibodi terhadap M2e. Tingginya seroprevalensi AI pada itik disekitar peternakan ayam ras komersial menunjukkan bahwa penerapan biosekuriti yang ketat pada peternakan ayam komersial masih sangat diperlukan. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan ELISA dan dot blot diduga bahwa pada itik tersebut beredar subtipe H5N2 dan H9N2, selain H5N1. Konfirmasi lebih lanjut dengan isolasi virus perlu dilakukan mengingat subtipe H9N2 dan H5N2 dapat menimbulkan penyakit yang serius pada unggas dan keberadaanya belum pernah diketahui sebelumnya di Indonesia.

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“…Since the H9N2 AIV was first isolated from turkeys in the US in 1966, it has been rapidly transmitted in all continents (5)(6)(7). In Asia, the H9N2 AIVs have become endemic in poultry in different countries, posing a huge economic loss to the poultry farming industry (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Furthermore, H9N2 AIVs have conduced to some zoonotic events by providing the internal segments to reassortment viruses such as H7N9, H5N6, and H10N8 (13,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Visualization of the Infection and Replication of a Mouse-Lethal Recombinant H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus

Lao

Qiu

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) continuously cross the species barrier to infect mammalians and are repeatedly transmitted to humans, posing a significant threat to public health. Importantly, some H9N2 AIVs were found to cause lethal infection in mice, but little is known about the viral infection dynamics in vivo. To analyze the real-time infection dynamics, we described the generation of a mouse-lethal recombinant H9N2 AIV, an influenza reporter virus (VK627-NanoLuc virus) carrying a NanoLuc gene in the non-structural (NS) segment, which was available for in vivo imaging. Although attenuated for replication in MDCK cells, VK627-NanoLuc virus showed similar pathogenicity and replicative capacity in mice to its parental virus. Bioluminescent imaging of the VK627-NanoLuc virus permitted successive observations of viral infection and replication in infected mice, even following the viral clearance of a sublethal infection. Moreover, VK627-NanoLuc virus was severely restricted by the K627E mutation in PB2, as infected mice showed little weight loss and a low level of bioluminescence. In summary, we have preliminarily established a visualized tool that enables real-time observation of the infection and replication dynamics of H9N2 AIV in mice, which contributes to further understanding the mechanisms underlying the pathogenic enhancement of H9N2 AIV to mice.

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Seroprevalence of avian influenza (H9N2) in broiler chickens in Northwest of Iran

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

A brief summary of the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of avian influenza H9N2 virus in birds and mammals in the Middle East and North Africa

A brief summary of the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of avian influenza H9N2 virus in birds and mammals in the Middle East and North Africa

Endemicity of avian influenza in ducks living around commercial layer farms

Real-Time Visualization of the Infection and Replication of a Mouse-Lethal Recombinant H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus

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