Seroprevalence of astrovirus types 1 and 6 in London, determined using recombinant virus antigen

Kriston, S.; Willcocks, M. M.; Carter, M. J.; Cubitt, W. D.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800001266

Cited by 51 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Serological studies indicate that most children are infected with HAstV and develop antibodies to the virus early in life (90,91), which are thought to provide protection against future infections. Immunocompromised individuals and the elderly also represent high-risk groups.…”

Section: Clinical Disease Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seroprevalence studies show that the vast majority of healthy young adults have antibodies against the most prevalent classic HAstV serotypes (90) and also against some of the novel HAstVs (115) and that the increase in seroprevalence correlates as well with age during childhood (91,115,129). Maternal-fetal transmission of antibody occurs, and antibody levels decrease by 6 to 8 months of age (91,129). Infections induce antibodies in humans of all age groups, which may persist for extended periods of time (90,129).…”

Section: Host Immune Responses and Control Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Human Astroviruses

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Human astroviruses (HAtVs) are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that were discovered in 1975. Astroviruses infecting other species, particularly mammalian and avian, were identified and classified into the genera Mamastrovirus and Avastrovirus . Through next-generation sequencing, many new astroviruses infecting different species, including humans, have been described, and the Astroviridae family shows a high diversity and zoonotic potential. Three divergent groups of HAstVs are recognized: the classic ( MAstV 1 ), HAstV-MLB ( MAstV 6 ), and HAstV-VA/HMO ( MAstV 8 and MAstV 9 ) groups. Classic HAstVs contain 8 serotypes and account for 2 to 9% of all acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Infections are usually self-limiting but can also spread systemically and cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The other groups have also been identified in children with gastroenteritis, but extraintestinal pathologies have been suggested for them as well. Classic HAstVs may be grown in cells, allowing the study of their cell cycle, which is similar to that of caliciviruses. The continuous emergence of new astroviruses with a potential zoonotic transmission highlights the need to gain insights on their biology in order to prevent future health threats. This review focuses on the basic virology, pathogenesis, host response, epidemiology, diagnostic assays, and prevention strategies for HAstVs.

show abstract

Section: Clinical Disease Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host Immune Responses and Control Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Astroviruses

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hyperimmune gammaglobulin (Sandos, Switzerland) was used to screen for the presence of astrovirusspecific IgG in an EIA using baculovirus-expressed HAstV1 capsid protein [Kriston et al, 1996].…”

Section: Screening Of Hyperimmune Gammaglobulin Prior To Oral Adminismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of electronmicroscopy, enzyme immunoassay, and RT-PCR to monitor an outbreak of astrovirus type 1 in a paediatric bone marrow transplant unit

et al. 1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During 1997, an extensive outbreak of astrovirus occurred in a unit where paediatric patients were being treated for leukaemias and inherited immune deficiency disorders. Prolonged shedding of virus for many months following infection was demonstrated in three patients who had undergone bone marrow transplantation. Comparison of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and electronmicroscopy (EM) to monitor the outbreak showed that many subclinical infections, mainly in children aged > 3 years could only be detected by RT-PCR. Use of RT-PCR revealed that several patients were infected earlier and shed virus for longer than by using EM or EIA. The virus responsible for the outbreak was identified as HAstV-1 and was shown to have a sequence that differed from a strain obtained in 1988.

show abstract

“…In humans, the first identified astrovirus species was mamastrovirus 1 (classic human astrovirus), and eight serotypes of this virus have been described (2)(3)(4). Most humans are exposed to the classic human astroviruses with seroprevalence as high as 94% to specific serotypes (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). The classic human astroviruses predominantly cause a selflimited gastrointestinal illness and have been characterized as the third-to fifth-mostcommon viral etiology of diarrhea and gastroenteritis in humans (10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of Astrovirus VA1, a Neurotropic Human Astrovirus, in Cell Culture

Janowski

Bauer

Holtz

et al. 2017

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Astrovirus VA1/HMO-C (VA1; mamastrovirus 9) is a recently discovered astrovirus genotype that is divergent from the classic human astroviruses (mamastrovirus 1). The gastrointestinal tract is presumed to be the primary site of infection and pathogenicity for astroviruses. However, VA1 has been independently detected in brain tissue of five cases of human encephalitis. Studies of the pathogenicity of VA1 are currently impossible because there are no reported cell culture systems or in vivo models that support VA1 infection. Here, we describe successful propagation of VA1 in multiple human cell lines. The initial inoculum, a filtered clinical stool sample from the index gastroenteritis case cluster that led to the discovery of VA1, was first passaged in Vero cells. Serial blind passage in Caco-2 cells yielded increasing copies of VA1 RNA, and multistep growth curves demonstrated a Ͼ100-fold increase in VA1 RNA 72 h after inoculation. The full-length genomic and subgenomic RNA strands were detected by Northern blotting, and crystalline lattices of viral particles of ϳ26-nm diameter were observed by electron microscopy in infected Caco-2 cells. Unlike other human astrovirus cell culture systems, which require addition of exogenous trypsin for continued propagation, VA1 could be propagated equally well with or without the addition of trypsin. Furthermore, VA1 was sensitive to the type I interferon (IFN-I) response, as VA1 RNA levels were reduced by pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with IFN-␤1a. The ability to propagate VA1 in cell culture will facilitate studies of the neurotropism and neuropathogenesis of VA1.IMPORTANCE Astroviruses are an emerging cause of central nervous system infections in mammals, and astrovirus VA1/HMO-C is the most prevalent astrovirus in cases of human encephalitis. This virus has not been previously propagated, preventing elucidation of the biology of this virus. We describe the first cell culture system for VA1, a key step necessary for the study of its ability to cause disease.KEYWORDS astrovirus, astrovirus VA1, cell culture, electron microscopy, encephalitis, pathogenesis, subgenomic RNA, viral propagation I nitially identified in 1975, members of the single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viral family Astroviridae have been frequently detected in vertebrate stool samples (1, 2). In humans, the first identified astrovirus species was mamastrovirus 1 (classic human astrovirus), and eight serotypes of this virus have been described (2-4). Most humans are exposed to the classic human astroviruses with seroprevalence as high as 94% to specific serotypes (5-9). The classic human astroviruses predominantly cause a selflimited gastrointestinal illness and have been characterized as the third-to fifth-mostcommon viral etiology of diarrhea and gastroenteritis in humans (10)(11)(12)(13)(14).Astroviruses contain three open reading frames (ORFs) and based on conserved genomic elements are hypothesized to share common mechanisms of replication (2). Astroviruses encode a slippery sequence and stem-...

show abstract

Seroprevalence of astrovirus types 1 and 6 in London, determined using recombinant virus antigen

Cited by 51 publications

References 23 publications

Human Astroviruses

Human Astroviruses

Application of electronmicroscopy, enzyme immunoassay, and RT-PCR to monitor an outbreak of astrovirus type 1 in a paediatric bone marrow transplant unit

Propagation of Astrovirus VA1, a Neurotropic Human Astrovirus, in Cell Culture

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About