Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in Dairy Cattle of Chitwan, Nawalpur and Rupandehi Districts of Nepal

Abstract

The cross-sectional study from July 2018 to September 2018 was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in cattle of the Chitwan, Nawalpur, and Rupandehi districts of Nepal. The existence of antibodies against IBR was investigated in 92 serum samples obtained systematically from 55 cattle herds using Indirect-ELISA. A questionnaire interview was done to collect individual and herd-level data. The association between categorical variables and the outcome variable (seropositive) was assessed by bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis in SPSS version 19.0. The seroprevalence of IBR was 18.48% (95% CI: 11.1-27.9), and district, breed, and herd size were identified as potential risk factors for IBR seropositivity. Significantly higher risk for IBR was found in Chitwan (Percentage-Positive “PP” = 36.37%; Odd ratio “OR” = 5.211; p = 0.008) than in Nawalpur (PP = 9.38%; OR = 0.931) and Rupandehi (PP = 10.00%). PP of IBR was significantly higher in Jersey crosses (PP = 30.00%; OR = 2.893; p = 0.048) than Holstein Friesian crosses (PP = 12.90%). Similarly, herds with more than 10 cattle (PP = 33.33%; OR = 4.167; p = 0.042) were found significantly at higher odds for seropositivity than herds having less than 10 cattle (PP = 10.71%). Due to the moderate prevalence of IBR among cattle in Nepal, this study recommends conducting additional planned research on IBR at the national level to safeguard the country's dairy businesses from potential financial losses.

Bovine Alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) Infection in Cattle: An Overview of Epidemiology, Role of Envelope Proteins in Disease and Control

“…Disease was found to affect exotic and crossbred cattle in India during inception than native breeds. In Slovenia and Colombia HF cow breed (Hostnik et al, 2021) and in Nepal's Jersey breed of cattle have shown higher prevalence than other breeds (Sanjay et al, 2022). One frequent risk factor reported by many authors is herd size, where the disease was more prevalent in intensive rearing or feed lots or organised farms or farms with more than 10 animals compared to free-range Bovine Alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) Infection in Cattle: An Overview of Epidemiology, Role of Envelope Proteins in Disease and.. animals or the unorganised sector (Rajkhowa et al, 2004).…”