Seroprevalence and risk factors of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in children with leukemia in Shandong Province, Eastern China: a case—control prospective study

Zhou, Na; Fu, Hailing; Wang, Zhongjun; Shi, Hailei; Yu, Yang; Qu, Tingting; Wang, Longlong; Zhang, Xiangyan; Wang, Lin

doi:10.7717/peerj.6604

Cited by 7 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the current study, two lymphoma patients with IgM antibodies solely were diagnosed with toxoplasmosis according to the clinical features and IgG avidity tests. This result was similar to a study conducted by Zhou et al [15]. Thus, it is necessary to notify the doctors to focus on the significance of T. gondii IgM seropositivity in children with malignancy, and patients with solely T. gondii IgM antibodies should be tested for IgG avidity to avoid misdiagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…This result was similar to a study conducted by Zhou et al . [15]. Thus, it is necessary to notify the doctors to focus on the significance of T. gondii IgM seropositivity in children with malignancy, and patients with solely T. gondii IgM antibodies should be tested for IgG avidity to avoid misdiagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, aggressive chemotherapy and immunosuppressive therapeutics used for treating the patients suffering from aggressive lymphoma cause deficiency in cell-mediated immunity; therefore, these patients were at risk to T. gondii infections and inclined to manifest toxoplasmosis [15]. This phenomenon could partially explain the high seroprevalence of the infection in aggressive lymphoma patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the infection of T. gondii RH strain contributes to the high levels of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine and a robust inflammatory response and breaks the balance between apoptosis and anti-apoptosis [26,27], thereby leading to an imbalance in the hosts' gene expression, which would result in carcinogenesis [28]. Nonetheless, aggressive chemotherapy and immunosuppressive therapeutics used for treating the patients suffering from aggressive lymphoma cause deficiency in cell-mediated immunity; therefore, these patients were at risk to T. gondii infections and inclined to manifest toxoplasmosis [15]. This phenomenon could partially explain the high seroprevalence of the infection in aggressive lymphoma patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with lymphoma in Eastern China: seroprevalence, risk factors and case–control studies

et al. 2019

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Epidemiological data for Toxoplasma gondii regarding malignancy have gained increasing attention; however, the information about T. gondii infection among children with malignant lymphoma (ML) in China is unclear. Therefore, 314 children with lymphoma and 314 healthy children, age- and gender-matched, were recruited to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in the participants and identify the risk factors of infection. Blood samples from all participants were collected and examined for T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using ELISA. The results showed that the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies (including IgG and/or IgM) in ML patients and healthy controls was 19.8% and 9.9%, respectively. Contact with the cats, consumption of oysters and history of chemotherapy were estimated to be the risk factors for T. gondii infection in children with lymphoma by multivariable logistic regression analysis, whereas in healthy children, contact with cats and consumption of oysters were the risk factors. Moreover, among various histological types of lymphoma, individuals with NK/T-cell lymphoma, B-small lymphocytic lymphoma, marginal zone B-lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma had a higher seroprevalence than healthy controls (P < 0.05). These findings indicated the high prevalence of T. gondii infection in children with lymphoma, and hence, efforts should be performed to evaluate the effect of the infection further in lymphoma patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with lymphoma in Eastern China: seroprevalence, risk factors and case–control studies

et al. 2019

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“…Several studies demonstrate a latent relationship between toxoplasmosis and malignancy, including with brain and oral cancers [ 7 – 9 ]. In recent studies, patients with hematologic malignancies had higher seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies [ 10 , 11 ]. Moreover, in Iran, T .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Risk of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Eastern China: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and a Case–Control Study

Guo

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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The aim of this study was to explore the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in eastern China. Therefore, 287 primary CRC patients and 287 age-matched healthy control subjects were recruited to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii and identify the risk factors of infection. Enzyme-linked immunoassays were used to test for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies. Forty-six (16%) samples were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in patients with CRC, compared with 26 (9.1%) in the healthy controls, a significant difference ( P = 0.007 ). By contrast, eight (2.8%) patients tested positive for T. gondii IgM antibodies, compared with three (1.1%) in the controls, a difference that was not significant ( P = 0.13 ). Multivariable backward stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that a rural residence (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.15–7.01; P = 0.024 ) and treatment with chemotherapy (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.02–4.57; P = 0.045 ) were risk factors for T. gondii infection in patients with CRC. Thus, T. gondii infection is serious in patients with CRC, and a rural residence and treatment with chemotherapy are independent risk factors for infection by this parasite. Therefore, medical professionals should be aware of this pathogen in patients with CRC, and the causes of T. gondii infection in these patients need to be explored further.

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Toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infection and their role in Egyptian autistic children

Hassan

Zekry²,

Heikal³

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a significantly increased incidence rate across the world over the past few years. Toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are globally prevalent and have been associated with diverse neurological and psychiatric disorders. A few studies have demonstrated the role of toxoplasmosis and CMV as potential etiological factors for autism. Accordingly, this study was performed to estimate the relationship between toxoplasmosis and CMV infection in children with autism as well as to assess their impact on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score. A total of 45 autistic children (6 girls, 39 boys) and 45 (21 girls, 24 boys) healthy control children were enrolled in our study. Their blood samples were collected and tested for the presence of Toxoplasma and CMV (IgG and IgM) antibodies and DNA by ELISA and real-time PCR (RT-PCR), respectively. Toxoplasmosis was detected in 11 (24.4%) autistic children through the ELISA [10 (22.2%) IgG + /IgM − and 1 (2.2%) IgG + /IgM +]; however, RT-PCR assay recorded only 1 positive case (2.2%), while it was detected in 10 (22.2%) control children through ELISA [9 (20%) IgG + /IgM − and 1 (2.2%) IgG + /IgM +] and 1 (2.2%) by RT-PCR. On the other hand, CMV infection was detected in all autistic children with 44 (97.8%) testing positive by ELISA [24 (53.3%) IgG + /IgM − , 18 (40%) IgG + /IgM + and 2 (4.4%) IgG − /IgM +] and 25 (55.6%) testing positive by RT-PCR assay. In addition, ELISA assay recorded 43 (95.6%) [19 (42.2%) IgG + /IgM + and 22 (48.9%) IgG + /IgM − and 2 (4.4%) IgG-/IgM +] and RT-PCR recorded 21 (46.7%) positive samples in control children with CMV. No significant difference was noted between autistic and control children for the overall prevalence of Toxoplasma or/and CMV infection. Similarly, the CARS score indicated a non-significant difference with Toxoplasma or/and CMV infection. Our data does not show an association between autism and toxoplasmosis or/and CMV infection. Nevertheless, considering that autistic children are at a high risk of contracting these infections, further studies with a larger sample size are recommended.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with leukemia in Shandong Province, Eastern China: a case—control prospective study

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with lymphoma in Eastern China: seroprevalence, risk factors and case–control studies

Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with lymphoma in Eastern China: seroprevalence, risk factors and case–control studies

Increased Risk of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Eastern China: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and a Case–Control Study

Toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infection and their role in Egyptian autistic children

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