Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxocara infection among children in Shandong and Jilin provinces, China

Cong, Wei; Meng, Qing-Feng; You, Hailong; Zhou, Na; Dong, Xiaoyan; Wang, Dong; Wang, Xiangyang; Ai-dong, Qian; Zhu, Xingquan

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.09.008

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…TES-ELISA and TES-WB) are used in the routine diagnosis of toxocariasis in humans (Smith & Noordin, 2006; Li et al ., 2007). The results of human toxocariasis seroprevalence studies show the following prevalence ratios: 5.1% in the US (Berrett et al ., 2017); 50.6% in southern Brazil (Schoenardie et al ., 2013) and 63.6% in north-eastern Brazil (Silva et al ., 2017); 38.33% in Argentina (Archelli et al ., 2014); 15.3% in western Slovakia (Boldis et al ., 2015); 14.5% in Poland (Jarosz et al ., 2010); 7.7% in Egypt (Ei-Shazly et al ., 2013); 44.6% in Swaziland, southern Africa (Liao et al ., 2010) and 59.9% in Gabon, central Africa (Lötsch et al ., 2016); 19.27% in Shandong and Jilin Provinces, China (Cong et al ., 2015); and 2–45.9% in Turkey (Akyol et al ., 2007; Kustimur et al ., 2007; Kaplan et al ., 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral larva migrans detection using PCR–RFLP in BALB/c mice infected withToxocara canis

Özbakış

Doganay

2019

J. Helminthol.

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Toxocara canis is an important zoonotic roundworm distributed worldwide. The infective larvae of T. canis are one of the causes of visceral larva migrans (VLM), a clinical syndrome in humans. Diagnosing VLM is difficult, and the differential diagnosis of the larval development stage is limited. Therefore, this experimental research aimed to diagnose T. canis larvae using a molecular method, not only in liver tissue, which is the most commonly affected tissue, but also in the limb muscles, lungs and brain tissues. For this purpose, 24 BALB/c mice were infected with 1000 embryonated T. canis eggs. Necropsies were performed on the second, fourth, seventh and 14th days post-infection. While a part of the samples were digested with pepsin-HCl, the molecular method was used for the remainder of the samples to replicate the mitochondrial DNA adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase subunit-6 gene region of T. canis. BbsI, a restriction endonuclease, was used to determine the specificity of the amplicons obtained from Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The detection limit for embryonated eggs was recorded. The PCR results showed that the sensitivity of the PCR analysis was 83.3% in the liver (with 88.8% accuracy), 87.5% in the lungs (with 91.6% accuracy) and 75.0% in the brain, forelimb and hindlimb muscles (with 83.3% accuracy). In all tissues, the test specificity was determined to be 100%. In this study, the molecular method was applied to only experimentally infected BALB/c mice tissues; thus, it is suggested that it can be also employed in different paratenic hosts and materials possibly infected with T. canis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral larva migrans detection using PCR–RFLP in BALB/c mice infected withToxocara canis

Özbakış

Doganay

2019

J. Helminthol.

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“…Moreover, the parasite has the potential to invade other paratenic hosts such as humans [ 3 ]. The dog is the most common companion animal of humans, and this close contact exposes humans to possible zoonotic diseases like toxocariasis, which can cause mild symptoms or severe manifestations (slight fever, recurrent vomiting, headache, and abdominal pain) and in rare cases can sometimes lead to death [ 4 , 5 ]. Infection by Toxocara spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies of risk factors have been conducted in humans [ 1 , 4 , 8 , 12 ]; few have been conducted in dogs. Moreover, studies of risk factors for the presence of Toxocara eggs in dog hair have not been conducted in México.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Toxocara spp. eggs in dog hair and associated risk factors

Rojas¹,

Núñez²,

Heredia³

et al. 2017

Vet World

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Aim:The aim of the study was to identify the presence of eggs of Toxocaraspp. in dog hair and to identify any risk factors associated with this.Materials and Methods:A total of 96 dogs were sampled collecting hair from the head, perianal and hindquarters. Epidemiologic data from each animal were recorded to identify risk factors. The samples of hair were washed with solutions of distilled water, phosphate-buffered saline and Tween 20 detergent. Microscopic analysis was subsequently performed for the identification of eggs.Results:Out of the total dogs, 41.7% were positive for the presence of parasite egg in their hair. Toxocara eggs were found in hair from the head (14.5%), tail (20.8%), and limbs (10.4%). Dogs, younger than 12 months old, showed higher values (4.7%) of egg presence in the perianal area (p<0.05). The principal risk factors for the presence of eggs in hair were not deworming (odds ratio [OR]=3.60, p<0.004) and not brushing (OR=2.26, p<0.12).Conclusion:These results show that in the state of Mexico there is a high percentage of dogs contaminated with Toxocara spp. eggs in their hair. This should be seriously considered due to the potential problems of toxocariasis and the risk to public health.

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“…Human toxocariasis is characterized by visceral larva migrans (VLM), neurological toxocariasis (NT), ocular larva migrans (OLM) and/or covert/common toxocariasis (CT) (Rubinsky-Elefant et al ., 2010). The high seroprevalence of Toxocara infection/exposure in children (Archelli et al ., 2014; Cong et al ., 2015) and the important relationships with allergic disorders, such as asthma, chronic pruritus and urticaria, have raised public concern (Overgaauw & van Knapen, 2013; Lee et al ., 2014). Although treatment with albendazole or mebendazole is effective for visceral toxocariasis, there are still many gaps in our knowledge concerning this disease, which significantly hinder the development of effective diagnostic tools and interventional strategies (Othman, 2012; Holland, 2015; Poulsen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis of the female-enriched chondroitin proteoglycan 2 of Toxocara canis

Zhou

et al. 2017

J. Helminthol.

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Toxocara canis is an important but neglected zoonotic parasite, and is the causative agent of human toxocariasis. Chondroitin proteoglycans are biological macromolecules, widely distributed in extracellular matrices, with a great diversity of functions in mammals. However, there is limited information regarding chondroitin proteoglycans in nematode parasites. In the present study, a female-enriched chondroitin proteoglycan 2 gene of T. canis (Tc-cpg-2) was cloned and characterized. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to measure the transcription levels of Tc-cpg-2 among tissues of male and female adult worms. A 485-amino-acid (aa) polypeptide was predicted from a continuous 1458-nuleotide open reading frame and designated as TcCPG2, which contains a 21-aa signal peptide. Conserved domain searching indicated three chitin-binding peritrophin-A (CBM_14) domains in the amino acid sequence of TcCPG2. Multiple alignment with the inferred amino acid sequences of Caenorhabditis elegans and Ascaris suum showed that CBM_14 domains were well conserved among these species. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that TcCPG2 was closely related to the sequence of chondroitin proteoglycan 2 of A. suum. Interestingly, a high level of Tc-cpg-2 was detected in female germline tissues, particularly in the oviduct, suggesting potential roles of this gene in reproduction (e.g. oogenesis and embryogenesis) of adult T. canis. The functional roles of Tc-cpg-2 in reproduction and development in this parasite and related parasitic nematodes warrant further functional studies.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxocara infection among children in Shandong and Jilin provinces, China

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Visceral larva migrans detection using PCR–RFLP in BALB/c mice infected withToxocara canis

Visceral larva migrans detection using PCR–RFLP in BALB/c mice infected withToxocara canis

Identification of Toxocara spp. eggs in dog hair and associated risk factors

Molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis of the female-enriched chondroitin proteoglycan 2 of Toxocara canis

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