SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH Toxoplasma gondii INFECTION AMONG RURAL COMMUNITIES IN NORTHERN IRAN

Rostami, Ali; Seyyedtabaei, Seyyed Javad; Aghamolaie, Somayeh; Behniafar, Hamed; Lasjerdi, Zohreh; Abdolrasouli, Alireza; Mehravar, Saeed; Alvarado‐Esquivel, Cosme

doi:10.1590/s1678-9946201658070

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, more rural population and also agricultural and husbandry activities of people living in Mazandaran province could be another explanation for high prevalence of parasitic infection in this area. 34,35 Also our results showed most prevalent helminthes infection was Trichostrongylus spp., and it is in agreement with recent studies in north of Iran. 36,37 Globally, earlier investigations demonstrated several risk factors for the high prevalence and incidence of IPIs including poor sanitation, low family income, poor personal hygiene, untreated water supply, low level of self and parental education, eating unwashed vegetables, contact with animals and contaminated soils.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in Mazandaran province, North of Iran

Gholipoor

Khazan

Azargashb

et al. 2020

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are confirmed as major public health problems, worldwide. Northern Iran is highly endemic area for such infections. This research aimed to study on the prevalence of IPIs among people referred to the health care centers in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, 984 stool samples were collected during 2015-2016. Fresh stool samples were collected from all individuals and examined by direct slide smear, formalin-ether concentration, trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and Chi-square test. Results: Out of 984 participants, the overall prevalence of IPIs was 12.1% (95 CI, 11.4-12.7; 119/984). The prevalence of protozoa and helminthes infections were 7.9% (95 CI, 7.4-8.3; 109/984) and 5.3% (95 CI, 4.9%-5.5%; 69/984), respectively. The most prevalent protozoan IPs were include Giardia lamblia (3.3%), Entamoeba coli (2%), Blastocystis hominis (1.3%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (1.1%), Entamoeba hartmanni (1.1%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (0.6%). Also major helminthic infections were include Trichostrongylus spp. (2.6%), Hookworms (1.7%), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.1%), Hymenolepis nana (0.6%) and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.6%). The results of the univariate analysis revealed that residence (rural being [P = 0.017]) and occupation (farmers [0.033]) were statistically significant risk factor for IPIs. Conclusion: In conclusion, we have found, despite persistent improvement in sanitary conditions over the recent years in northern part of Iran, IPIs are still among the main public health problems in this area. Moreover, helminths infection in our study were considerable. Thus, effective control programs are essential to reduce the incidence of IPIs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in Mazandaran province, North of Iran

Gholipoor

Khazan

Azargashb

et al. 2020

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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“…In this finding is consistent with some of the studies from Iran and other countries which showed consumption of undercooked meat is an important factor for parasite transmission. 8,26 Method of cooking meat in the form of Kebab (undercooked meat) is quite common in the area that the current study was performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6] The appropriate geographic conditions for the development of T. gondii oocysts, the food and health habits of a community, and the exposure to toxoplasmosis-related risk factors play an important role in the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in a community. 7,8 The global seropositivity of T. gondii infection in cancer patients and control was reported 26% and 12.1%. 9 Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iran was reported 39.3% in the general population, 51.01% in immunocompromised patients and 43% in pregnant women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among Cancer and Hemodialysis Patients in southwest Iran

Arefkhah

Hosseini

Karimzade

et al. 2019

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Background: Due to their poor immune system, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and hemodialysis patients are more at risk for toxoplasmosis and its complications than the healthy people. The current study aimed to determine prevalence of toxoplasmosis in these patients and comparing it with healthy subjects in southwest Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on sera and buffy coat of 100 cancer patients, 47 hemodialysis patients, and 170 healthy subjects. IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum were measured by ELISA method. Molecular diagnosis was conducted by PCR method on buffy coat of the seropositive samples. Results: The seroprevalence of T. gondii in cancer, hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects were 13%, 27.7% and 15.9% respectively. Moreover, seropositivity for IgM antibody was 2.1% in hemodialysis, 2% in cancer patients and 0.6% in healthy individuals. Our results were showed there was no significant difference between prevalence toxoplasmosis in case and control group. In molecular survey, only one case (cancer patient) was positive for Toxoplasma DNA. Contact with cats and consumption of undercooked meat were two studied risk factors which had significant associations with T. gondii seropositivity in the hemodialysis patients (odds ratio [OR] = 14.667; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.453-148.045) and control (odds ratio [OR] = 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.093-8.639) respectively. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients was higher than Healthy Individuals; however, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in cancer patients was similar to the Healthy Individuals.

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“…The infection is usually asymptomatic or produces only mild symptoms. Severe complications can occur in certain groups: encephalitis, brain abscesses and death in immunocompromised individuals [13,14], pre-eclampsia, psychiatric disorders, abortion and foetal abnormality in pregnant women [15,16,17], and behavioural changes, neuropsychiatric disorders, and infertility in healthy humans and animals [18,19,20,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> antibodies in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Strzałowo Forest Division, Warmia and Mazury Region, Poland

Puchalska¹,

Pyziel²,

Wisniewski³

et al. 2021

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and objective. Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis caused by a protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. Raw or undercooked venison may be a source of infection in humans. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in wild boar from the Strzałowo Forest Division of the Warmia and Mazury Region of Poland. Materials and method. A total of 90 samples were collected from 50 wild boar: 40 from both tongue and diaphragm muscles, 4 from diaphragm muscles and six from tongue muscles. Samples were analyzed using the commercial PrioCHECK® Toxoplasma Ab porcine ELISA, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results. T. gondii antibodies were detected in 24 of 50 (48%) tested animals. T. gondii antibodies were detected in 40 of 90 (44.4%) tested samples (21 of tongue muscles and 19 of diaphragm muscles). In the 40 wild boar that provided samples of meat juice from the tongue and diaphragm muscles, specific antibodies were more prevalent in the tongue (20 of 40 animals-50%) than in the diaphragm muscles (17 of 40 animals-42.5%). Conclusions. The study revealed a high percentage of wild boar seropositive to T. gondii. Muscle samples to obtain meat juice are easily available and simple to collect, even on the hunting grounds, which makes them suitable material for detecting T. gondii antibodies in wild boar. Wild boar are essential to T. gondii circulation in the environment, and raw or undercooked venison may be a source of human infections with this parasite.

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SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH Toxoplasma gondii INFECTION AMONG RURAL COMMUNITIES IN NORTHERN IRAN

Cited by 45 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in Mazandaran province, North of Iran

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasite infections in Mazandaran province, North of Iran

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among Cancer and Hemodialysis Patients in southwest Iran

Prevalence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> antibodies in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Strzałowo Forest Division, Warmia and Mazury Region, Poland

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