Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus and human adenovirus among children in Ado‐Ekiti, Nigeria

Abstract

In children, the respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus majorly cause acute respiratory infections. The study evaluated the seroprevalence and conducted the molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) among children. Venous blood, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from children presenting with acute respiratory infections in a tertiary health facility in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A serological investigation was carried out on the sera samples for the detection of anti-HRSV immunoglobulin M (IgM), anti-HRSV IgG, anti-HAdV IgM, and anti-HAdV IgG using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kits. The amplification and sequencing of HRSV and HAdV were carried out using specific primer pairs that targeted the glycoprotein (G) gene of HRSV and the hexon gene of HAdV, respectively.The seroprevalence of HRSV IgG and IgM was 73% and 7.5%, respectively, while the seroprevalence of HAdV IgG and IgM was 98.5% and 8.5%, respectively. The age of enrolled children, presence of fever, and cough were associated (p < 0.05) with the infection. HRSV subtype B (HRSV-B) (13.3%), and species of HAdV (Mastadenovirus B and C) (11.7%) were detected among the studied population. There was no viral coinfection with both HRSV and HAdV. In infancy and early childhood, HRSV-B, HAdV species B and C are common etiologic agents of respiratory infections as reported in this study. Further studies on molecular characterization of respiratory tract viruses including circulating respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus are hereby advocated.

Detectable Respiratory Viruses IgM and IgG Antibodies among Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

“…RSV is among the frequent causative agent of severe RTIs in infants and children with 76% of children being re-infected by the second year of life (Faneye et al, 2014). The seroprevalence of RSV IgM was 40% among the tested subjects and is similar to an earlier study by Sulaiman et al (2017) (Idris and Kolawole, 2022).…”

“…Fever was significantly associated with RSV IgG (p=0.025) and PIV IgG (p=0.039). A similar study also reported a significant association (p<0.05) between fever and RSV IgG (Idris and Kolawole, 2022).…”

“…Also, previous studies had reported a lower seroprevalence of AdV IgG (12.5%) among children aged 11-27 months (Trojnar et al, 2014) and this is at variance with our study. An earlier study reported a higher seroprevalence of AdV IgG (98.5%) in Ado-Ekiti (Idris and Kolawole, 2022).…”

“…The seroprevalence of AdV IgM with 45.5% was recorded in this study. A recent study by Idris and Kolawole (2022) reported a lower AdV IgM of 8.5% among children. Also, a lower AdV IgM with 6.63% had been reported by Lin et al (2015) among children with ARTIs and this is at variance with this study.…”