Seroprevalence and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in a Rural Ugandan Population

Wagner, Hans-Ulrich; Dyck, E Van; Roggen, Erwin L.; Nunn, Andrew; Kamali, Anatoli; Schmid, Daniela; Dobbins, James G.; Mulder, Daan W.

doi:10.1177/095646249400500509

Cited by 83 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…HSV-1 is invariably acquired during early childhood in many locations. For example, despite the nearly universal presence of HSV-1 antibodies, HSV-2 seroprevalences in Africa are among the highest in the world (92,284). Similar data have been obtained in Mexico (55).…”

Section: Type-common and Type-specific Responsessupporting

confidence: 72%

Recent Progress in Herpes Simplex Virus Immunobiology and Vaccine Research

2003

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Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) cause prevalent, chronic infections that have serious outcomes in some individuals. Neonatal herpes may occur when the infant traverses the cervix during maternal genital herpes. Genital herpes is a major risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission. Considerable efforts have been made to design and test vaccines for HSV, focusing on genital infection with HSV-2. Several protein subunit vaccines based on HSV-2 envelope glycoproteins have reached advanced-phase clinical trials. These antigens were chosen because they are the targets of neutralizing-antibody responses and because they elicit cellular immunity. Encouraging results have been reported in studies of treatment of HSV-seronegative women with a vaccine consisting of truncated glycoprotein D of HSV-2 and a novel adjuvant. Because most sexual HSV transmission occurs during asymptomatic shedding, it is important to evaluate the impact of vaccination on HSV-2 infection, clinically apparent genital herpes, and HSV shedding among vaccine recipients who acquire infection. There are several other attractive formats, including subunit vaccines that target cellular immune responses, live attenuated virus strains, and mutant strains that undergo incomplete lytic replication. HSV vaccines have also been evaluated for the immunotherapy of established HSV infection

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Section: Type-common and Type-specific Responsessupporting

confidence: 72%

Recent Progress in Herpes Simplex Virus Immunobiology and Vaccine Research

2003

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“…Prevalence of HSV-2 was higher than in earlier rural population studies in Uganda (Rakai, Masaka) 19,20 . The Uganda national sero-behavioral survey done in 2004-5 showed similar prevalence of HSV-2 21 with a different a serological test and low syphilis..…”

contrasting

confidence: 44%

Sero-prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 virus (HSV-2) and HIV infection in Kampala, Uganda

Joloba¹,

Kambugu²,

Wasubire³

et al. 2015

Afr H. Sci.

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Background:Prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 virus (HSV-2) is high worldwide. Previous studies in Uganda were rural or in women. We estimated age and sex-specific sero-prevalence of HSV-2 in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: Using two-stage random sampling stratified on population density, a survey of persons 15-65 years was conducted. Type-specific serological tests for HSV-2, HSV-1(HerpeSelect2 and 1 ELISA), HIV (Rapid tests and ELISA), syphilis (RPR and TPHA) were done. Additional prevalence analysis included post-stratification weighting on the Uganda 2002 Census gender distribution. Results: Among 1124 persons, HSV-2 prevalence was 58% (95% CI: 55, 60), HSV-1; 98% (95% CI: 97.6, 99.1), HIV; 17.7% (95% CI: 14.8, 19.2) and syphilis; 1.7% (95% CI: 1.4, 1.9). Weighted HSV-2 prevalence was 53.8% (Women; 63.8%, men; 43.2%), similar to unweighted data. Weighted HIV prevalence was 20.7% in women, 8.6% in men. Of 165 HIV infected persons, 85.4% had HSV-2. Risk factors for HSV-2 were being a woman (OR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.42, 2.78), age (OR 3.3; 95% CI: 2.43, 4.53), education (OR 1.70; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.34) and HIV (OR 4.5; 95% CI: 2.70, 7.50). Conclusion: Prevalence of HSV-2 and HIV was high especially in women. Syphilis was rare. Awareness of herpes was low. Interventions in young people are needed.

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“…48 In the population based study in Masaka, Uganda, the initial phase showed high levels of HSV seropositivity-57% in men and 74% in women but an OR for association with HIV infection of only 1.2. 61 However, in a later phase of the study the RR of HSV incidence was 3.7 in HIV positive cases versus HIV negative and HIV prevalence was strongly associated with HSV-2. 41 While this study did not examine the relation between HIV incidence and HSV-2 incidence, the population risk of HIV attributable to genital herpes is likely to be considerable given that recurrent episodes of genital ulceration are common.…”

Section: Hsv As a Risk Factor For Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing prevalence of genital herpes in developing countries: implications for heterosexual HIV transmission and STI control programmes

O’Farrell

1999

Sexually Transmitted Infections

100

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Background:The recognition that sexually transmitted infections (STI) facilitate HIV transmission among heterosexuals has led to a rejuvenated focus on improving STI control as a component of HIV prevention programmes in developing countries. While eVorts so far have focused mainly on all STI, there is increasing evidence that genital ulcers facilitate a considerable proportion of HIV transmission among heterosexuals and that this eVect has been underestimated. This paper focuses on the epidemiology of genital herpes in developing countries past and present. Objectives: To review the scientific literature about the epidemiology of genital herpes in developing countries and discuss the implications of the findings for STI control and HIV prevention programmes. Search methodology: A Medline search for June 1966 to August 1999 using the keywords, genital herpes, STD and developing countries, and genital ulcers in MeSH and free text. Abstract books from recent international AIDS conferences and other international STD conferences were reviewed. The annual reports of the medical oYcers of heath for Harare 1982 and Durban 1989 were reviewed to detect trends in genital herpes diagnoses. Findings: Genital herpes, formerly regarded as a minor STI in most developing countries, has now emerged as a leading cause of genital ulceration in many countries where syphilis and chancroid were more prevalent previously. This increased recognition of genital herpes reflects both a change in the pattern of STI epidemiology through a decline in syphilis and chancroid as a response to HIV control programmes and improved techniques for diagnosing herpetic infection. Countries with significant heterosexual HIV epidemics also appear to have rapidly increasing numbers of genital herpes cases. Conclusions:The emergence of this herpes epidemic must be addressed through innovative strategies that will be viable, sustainable, acceptable, and eVective in developing countries. In countries where genital herpes is a significant problem, local adaptation of WHO treatment algorithms should be made. STI service providers should be trained about issues around the transmission of herpes and how best to advise clients about dealing with, and recognising, recurrences. The eVectiveness of antiviral treatment for genital herpes should be investigated in core groups at high risk of HIV. (Sex Transm Inf 1999;75:377-384)

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Seroprevalence and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in a Rural Ugandan Population

Cited by 83 publications

References 16 publications

Recent Progress in Herpes Simplex Virus Immunobiology and Vaccine Research

Recent Progress in Herpes Simplex Virus Immunobiology and Vaccine Research

Sero-prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 virus (HSV-2) and HIV infection in Kampala, Uganda

Increasing prevalence of genital herpes in developing countries: implications for heterosexual HIV transmission and STI control programmes

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