Seroprevalence and factors associated with Leptospira infection in an urban district of Cali, Colombia

Escandón-Vargas, Kevin; Osório, Lyda; Astudillo-Hernández, Miryam

doi:10.1590/0102-311x00039216

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…in rodents has been performed in rural environments, and the ecological drivers and risk factors for zoonotic infection in these habitats are relatively well documented. In contrast, Leptospira ecology in urban environments has received considerably less attention, despite the abundance of rodents and other potential hosts in urban environments, and clear evidence of human infection [49–52]. In addition, and as observed in this study, most surveys of urban rats have found a high prevalence of pathogenic Leptospira spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Association of rodent-borne Leptospira spp. with urban environments in Malaysian Borneo

et al. 2019

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Although leptospirosis is traditionally considered a disease of rural, agricultural and flooded environments, Leptospira spp. are found in a range of habitats and infect numerous host species, with rodents among the most significant reservoirs and vectors. To explore the local ecology of Leptospira spp. in a city experiencing rapid urbanization, we assessed Leptospira prevalence in rodents from three locations in Malaysian Borneo with differing levels of anthropogenic influence: 1) high but stable influence (urban); 2) moderate yet increasing (developing); and 3) low (rural). A total of 116 urban, 122 developing and 78 rural rodents were sampled, with the majority of individuals assigned to either the Rattus rattus lineage R3 (n = 165) or Sundamys muelleri (n = 100). Leptospira spp. DNA was detected in 31.6% of all rodents, with more urban rodents positive (44.8%), than developing (32.0%) or rural rodents (28.1%), and these differences were statistically significant. The majority of positive samples were identified by sequence comparison to belong to known human pathogens L. interrogans (n = 57) and L. borgpetersenii (n = 38). Statistical analyses revealed that both Leptospira species occurred more commonly at sites with higher anthropogenic influence, particularly those with a combination of commercial and residential activity, while L. interrogans infection was also associated with low forest cover, and L. borgpetersenii was more likely to be identified at sites without natural bodies of water. This study suggests that some features associated with urbanization may promote the circulation of Leptospira spp., resulting in a potential public health risk in cities that may be substantially underestimated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Association of rodent-borne Leptospira spp. with urban environments in Malaysian Borneo

et al. 2019

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“…Leptospirosis epidemics related to floods, wastewater and garbage exposure have been studied in urban slums populations of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Recife [36][37][38][39][40]. In other parts of the world, similar reports were found in Colombia, India, Malaysia, Philippines and Sri Lanka [17,27,[57][58][59]. Our study identified large clusters of disease in major urban centers where outbreaks have been reported in recent years: Santa Catarina in 2008 (997 cases) and 2011 (700 cases), São Paulo in 2011 (980 cases), Rondônia in 2014 (190 cases) and Acre in 2014 (1,196 cases) [7].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 72%

Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in urban and rural areas of Brazil, 2000–2015

et al. 2021

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Background Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world and Brazil has the highest number of cases in Latin America. Transmission occurs mainly through exposure to water and soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals. The goals of this study are to describe the geographic distribution, demographic characteristics and exposure factors of urban and rural cases of leptospirosis, and identify spatial clusters in urban and rural areas of Brazil. Methods/results A retrospective epidemiological study was carried out using 16 years (2000–2015) of surveillance data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Cases were described by age, sex and race, and exposure factors were characterized in urban and rural areas. A spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted using local Moran’s I to identify urban and rural clusters of disease. On average 3,810 leptospirosis cases were reported annually with higher numbers in urban areas. National urban and rural incidence rates were the same (1.9 cases/100,000 population), however, regional differences were observed. Urban incidence rates were higher in the North and Northeast regions, while rural incidence rates were higher in the Southeast and South. The main exposure factor reported in urban and rural areas was exposure to places with signs of rodents, followed by flood in urban areas and agriculture and animal farming in rural areas. Clusters of leptospirosis were identified in densely populated urban areas of the North, Southeast and South regions, while rural clusters were concentrated in of the Southern region with large agriculture and animal farming practices. Conclusions This study highlights that leptospirosis is an important public health problem in both urban and rural areas of Brazil. The results provide decision-makers with detailed information about where disease incidence is high and can be used in the development of prevention and control strategies for priority areas and risk groups.

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“…Additionally, the presence of pit latrines around households and turkeys as companionship were risk factors for seropositivity against other Leptospira species serogroups. Similarly, a lack of toilets inside the households was a factor associated with Leptospira seropositivity (OR unadjusted = 3.75; 95 CI%: 1.33-10.60) in a study carried out in the south of Colombia 34 . Recently, a study in Germany identified the presence of poultry in peridomiciliary areas as a risk factor for Leptospira infection 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In addition, the median age in years of seroincident cases was 40.30 (IQR: 20.46-55. 34), and 80.00% (32/40) were inhabitants of a household with a dirt soil floor. Furthermore, among the seroincident cases, 5.00% (2/40), 2.99% (3/40), and 85.00% (34/49) of the seroincident cases disclosed the presence of corn cultivation around the household and hunting canines and rats in the intra or peridomiciliary areas, respectively (Table S4).…”

Section: Binary Outcome Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospira infection in rural areas of Urabá region, Colombia: a prospective study

Velez

Rodas

Rojas

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The objective of this study was to analyze the eco-epidemiological aspects of Leptospira seroprevalence and seroincidence, and its associated factors in two municipalities of northwest Colombia. A prospective study was performed in rural areas of Uraba, Antioquia, Colombia. The study enrolled 597 people between November 2015 and January 2016, of which 274 people were followed up one year later. Serologic testing was performed by a microscopic agglutination. The outcomes were seroprevalent and seroincident cases, and the main exposure was an outdoor occupation. A binary and mixed effect multinomial logistic regression model was used to estimate factors associated with seroprevalent or seroincident cases of Leptospira infection. The overall Leptospira seroprevalence was 27.81% (95%CI:23.62;32.49) and the overall cumulative seroincidence for Leptospira was 14.60% (95%CI:10.33;20.23). Multivariable analysis showed that factors associated with L. interrogans serogroups seropositivity were outdoor occupation, male gender, older age, the presence of dirt soil in the household, and the presence of piglets and opossums. It also showed that factors associated with other Leptospira species serogroups were the presence of pit latrines and of turkeys. In addition, the multivariable model of seroincident cases of L. interrogans serogroups evidenced outdoor occupations, the presence of rats, and corn cultivation as risk factors. Likewise, the multivariable model for seroincident cases of other Leptospira species showed that the presence of hunting canines and cassava cultivation were risk factors. We found specific factors associated with the transmission of Leptospira serogroups contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology of Leptospira infection in rural areas of Uraba, Colombia.

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Seroprevalence and factors associated with Leptospira infection in an urban district of Cali, Colombia

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Association of rodent-borne Leptospira spp. with urban environments in Malaysian Borneo

Association of rodent-borne Leptospira spp. with urban environments in Malaysian Borneo

Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in urban and rural areas of Brazil, 2000–2015

Leptospira infection in rural areas of Urabá region, Colombia: a prospective study

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