Seroprevalence and Epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in Animals in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area, China

Li, Guojing; Zheng, Wangli; Yang, Jinfang; Qi, Tongsheng; He, Yongcai; Chen, Wangkai; Ma, Hejia; Sun, Yali; Liu, Ying; Kang, Ming; Li, Jixu

doi:10.3390/pathogens10040432

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…A variety of unique animals has been domesticated in the QTPA, which is the largest plateau with the highest average altitude on the planet, and the animals share water and food in the plateau area ( 24 , 25 ). Infectious diseases caused by N. caninum parasites are common in animals in the world ( 1 , 3 , 5 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of animals that are adapted to the high altitude and cold climate lives in the QTPA ( 24 , 25 ), including Tibetan sheep ( Ovis aries ), yak ( Bos grunniens ), cow ( Bos taurus ), pig ( Sus domesticus ), cattle ( Bos taurus domestica ), horse ( Equus ferus caballus ), chicken ( Gallus gallusdomesticus ), camel ( Camelus bactrianus ), and donkey ( Equus asinus ). Diseases caused by infectious parasites have brought serious threats to the development of animal husbandries and human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroepidemiology of Neosporosis in Various Animals in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Neosporosis is a worldwide infectious disease caused by intracellular parasite Neospora caninum that is a major pathogen of abortion in cattle and neurological disorders in other hosts. However, limited data are available on animals exposed to N. caninum in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area (QTPA), and little is known about whether animals in the plateau area play an important role in the epidemiology of N. caninum. Therefore, indirect ELISAs based on a combination of NcSAG1 and NcGRA7 antigens were developed to examine both N. caninum-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in Tibetan sheep, yak, cow, pig, cattle, horse, chicken, camel, and donkey from the QTPA in this study. The results showed that all current species present- IgG and IgM-positive animals, and that the overall seroprevalence of N. caninum were 18.6 (703/3,782) and 48.1% (1,820/3,782) for the IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Further analysis found significant differences from different altitudes in IgG in Tibetan sheep and IgM in the yak. Hence, the present serological results indicate that the tested animal populations in the QTPA are suffering from N. caninum infections or have become carriers of N. caninum antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on current N. caninum-infected animals in the QTPA, the first epidemiology of neosporosis in cow and camel in China, and the first record of N. caninum IgM antibodies in all the surveyed animals in China. This study provides the latest valuable data on the epidemiology of neosporosis in China and in plateau areas of the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of Neosporosis in Various Animals in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Moreover, the coated Tg GRA7, Tg SAG1, Tg BAG1, and GST proteins at 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, and 0.0625 μg/mL, or anti- T. gondii positive and negative sera diluted 1:100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400, 12800 and 25600, were used to develop the IgG-ELISAs and IgM-ELISAs for analyzing the sensitivity of the current tests, respectively. Moreover, the positive and negative animal serum samples for T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies confirmed by the commercial ID Screen ® Toxoplasmosis Indirect Multi-species ELISA kit (ID.vet, France) and our previous study ( Li et al., 2021 ) were used as controls. All controls were re-confirmed using the ELISA tests based on tachyzoite and bradyzoite lysate antigens under the current protocol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Toxoplasma gondii-specific SAG1, GRA7 and BAG1 proteins in serodiagnosis of animal toxoplasmosis

Ai²,

Sun³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasite T. gondii which is widely prevalent in humans and animals worldwide. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and distinguishing acute or chronic T. gondii infections have utmost importance for humans and animals. The TgSAG1, TgGRA7, and TgBAG1 proteins were used in the present study to develop the serological rSAG1-ELISA, rGRA7-ELISA and rBAG1-ELISA methods for the testing of T. gondii specific IgG and IgM antibodies and differentiating acute or chronic toxoplasmosis in 3733 animals, including Tibetan sheep, yaks, pigs, cows, cattle, horses, chickens, camels and donkeys from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The ELISA tests showed that the overall positivity of IgG antibody was 21.1% (786/3733), 15.3% (570/3733) and 18.2% (680/3733) for rSAG1-, rGRA7- and rBAG1-ELISA, respectively, and the positivity of IgM antibody was 11.8% (439/3733), 13.0% (486/3733) and 11.8% (442/3733) for rSAG1-, rGRA7- and rBAG1-ELISA, respectively. A total of 241 animals (6.5%) positive for all rSAG1-, rGRA7- and rBAG1-IgG were found in this study, and the 141 animals (3.8%) tested were anti-T. gondii IgM positive in all three ELISAs. Moreover, the 338, 284 and 377 animals were IgG positive in rSAG1 + rGRA7-, rBAG1 + rGRA7- and rSAG1 + rBAG1- ELISAs respectively, and the 346, 178 and 166 animals in rSAG1 + rGRA7-, rBAG1 + rGRA7- and rSAG1 + rBAG1-ELISAs were IgM positive respectively. The results confirmed that the application of SAG1, GRA7, and BAG1 recombinant antigens could successfully be used in the detection of specific IgG and IgM antibodies for distinguishing between acute or chronic T. gondii infections. It is inferred that the forms in which current animal species in the plateau area were infected with T. gondii, and the period of infection or the clinical manifestations of the current infections may be different. The present study provides substantial clinical evidence for the differential diagnosis of toxoplasmosis, and the classification of acute and chronic T. gondii infections.

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“…Several studies have investigated the seroprevalence of T. gondii and C. abortus in sheep and goats [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. These studies point to the multiplicity and complexity of abortifacient infections, either at the individual or herd level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydophila abortus Infection in Domestic Small Ruminants in Cameroon

et al. 2022

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Toxoplasmosis and chlamydiosis remain among the primary causes of abortion and fetal loss in small ruminants. Consequently, they are a source of considerable economic losses for farmers. The objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence and highlight the risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydophila abortus infection in small ruminants in Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 200 small ruminant farms during a period from April to October 2021. A total of 1061 small ruminants were sampled, and the sera obtained were analyzed using the indirect ruminant multi-species ELISA test for specific IgG antibody detection for T. gondii and C. abortus at the National Veterinary Laboratory. A questionnaire was constructed to collect information about flock management and risk factors possibly associated with T. gondii and C. abortus infection in goats and sheep. Overall, 329 small ruminants tested positive for T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies and 45 for C. abortus-specific IgG antibodies with a seroprevalence of 31.1% (95% CI: 28.2–33.8) for T. gondii and 4.2% (95% CI: 3.0–5.5) for C. abortus, respectively. However, a significant co-infection of 1.8% (95% CI: 0.37–3.3) was obtained between T. gondii and C. abortus (p = 0.02). Linear regression model analysis revealed that, the seroprevalence of T. gondii at the flock level was significantly correlated with the region (0.22 CI: 0.17; 0.26) the breeding objectives (0.36 CI: 0.17; 0.56) the level of hygiene (0.11 CI: 0.01; 0.21) and presence abortions (0.55 CI: 0.46; 0.64) on the farms and that of C. abortus was significantly correlated with the regions (0.01 CI: 0.00–0.02) and degree of abortion on the farms (−0.26 CI: −039; −0.14). At the individual level, a significant correlation was observed between the seroprevalence of T. gondii and region (−0.09 CI: −0.14; −0.04), species (0.07 CI: 0.01–0.14), sex (−0.11 CI: −0.18; −0.03), age (0.08 CI: 0.04–0.12) and physiological status (0.21 CI: 0.18; 0.24). For C. abortus seroprevalence, a significant correlation was observed with the regions (0.02 CI: 0.00; 0.03) and breed (0.01 CI: 0.01; 0.02) of small ruminants reared in the northern regions of Cameroon. These results could be used to implement efficient management measures to prevent and control T. gondii and C. abortus infection in goats and sheep in Cameroon.

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Seroprevalence and Epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in Animals in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area, China

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Seroepidemiology of Neosporosis in Various Animals in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Seroepidemiology of Neosporosis in Various Animals in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Application of Toxoplasma gondii-specific SAG1, GRA7 and BAG1 proteins in serodiagnosis of animal toxoplasmosis

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydophila abortus Infection in Domestic Small Ruminants in Cameroon

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