Seroprevalence and coprevalence of HIV and HBsAg in Nigerian children with/without protein energy malnutrition

Akenami, F.O.T.; Koskiniemi, Marjaleena; Ekanem, Emmanuel; Bolarin, Debayo M.; Vaheri, Antti

doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(96)00629-8

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The findings were also moderately comparable to 48.6% by Prazuck et al from Zimbabwe [21], and 43% from Malawi [11]. It was however higher than 29.2% reported by Fergusson and Tomkins [7] in a meta-analysis of 17 large studies in sub-Saharan Africa, and much higher than 1.9% previously reported by Akenami et al [22], from Nigeria in 1997. The high prevalence of HIV infection among 5 years < with SAM in this study could be as a result of high burden of HIV in the country.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Improvement in nutritional/immunological status through support/promotion of EBF practice, discouraging mixed feeding, timely introduction of rich complementary feeding, promotion of childhood immunization, and introduction of school meal will in no immeasurable way assist in their fight against infections, and decrease in HIV transmission. The 1.9% previously reported by Akenami et al from Nigeria in 1997 [22], was carried when sero-prevalence was still very low (1.8%), and at the time when DNA PCR was not in use for the diagnosis of HIV infection in children less than 18months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Burden of HIV Infection in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Nigeria

Aa¹,

Okechukwu²,

Chiaha³

2015

J HIV Clin Sci Res

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Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus pandemic has adversely affected the nutritional status of many children in the sub region, an area where malnutrition is also endemic. The study was aimed at assessing the burden of HIV infection among under five with severe acute malnutrition, determine its common forms, the outcomes and associated co-morbidities. Method:A three year prospective study (April 2011 to March 2014) of children aged 6 weeks to 5 years with diagnosis of severe acute malnutrition was carried out in our health institution for the above objectives. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16.0 software and statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Result:Of the 286 severely malnourished children studied, 142(49.2%) males, and 144 (50.3%) females, HIV sero-prevalence was 199 (69.6%, 95% CI = 63.5-76.3%) and highest in the first year of life 85(42.7%). Though uptake of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling was 100%, 95.3% of positive children came in WHO stage 3 and 4 diseases. Persistent diarrhoea 58(29.1%), bronchopneumonia 53(26.6%), septicaemia 49(24.6%), pulmonary tuberculosis 39(19.6%), and oral candidiasis 35(17.6) were the common associated co-morbidities, with vesico-vaginal fistula 4 (2) being the least co-infection. Marasmus 161 (80.9%) was the major form of severe acute malnutrition in positive children, mortality was significantly higher in positive than in negative children (22.6.4% vs. 9.2%; P<0.001), however no difference was seen in those that left against medical advice (13.6% versus 11.5, p value <0.724 among the two groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Burden of HIV Infection in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Nigeria

Aa¹,

Okechukwu²,

Chiaha³

2015

J HIV Clin Sci Res

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“…Indeed, a study in Nigeria reported in 1997 a HIV prevalence of 1.9% [8] while a study in Burkina Faso in 1993 reported a HIV prevalence of 14.0% [9]. Routine HIV testing of children hospitalised for severe malnutrition was implemented in 2006 at the NNH, and these results show an extremely high level of acceptance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Prevalence and Impact on Renutrition in Children Hospitalised for Severe Malnutrition in Niger: An Argument for More Systematic Screening

Madec

Germanaud²,

Moya-Alvarez³

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundIn developing countries, malnutrition is a contributing factor in over 50% of child deaths. Mortality rates are higher in underweight children, and HIV-infection is known to increase underweight. Our goals were to evaluate the prevalence of HIV among children hospitalised for severe malnutrition (SM) at the Niamey national hospital (Niger), and to compare renutrition and mortality by HIV-status.MethodsRetrospective study based on all children <5 years hospitalised for SM between January 1st 2008 and July 1st 2009. HIV-prevalence was the ratio of HIV+ children on the number of children tested. Duration of renutrition and mortality were described using survival curves.ResultsDuring the study period, 477 children were hospitalised for SM. HIV testing was accepted in 470 (98.5%), of which 40 were HIV+ (HIV prevalence (95% confidence interval) of 8.6% (6.2–11.5)). Duration of renutrition was longer in HIV+ than HIV− children (mean: 22 vs. 15 days; p = 0.003). During renutrition, 8 (20%) and 61 (14%) HIV+ and HIV− children died, respectively (p = 0.81).ConclusionAround 9% of children hospitalised for severe malnutrition were HIV infected, while in Niger HIV prevalence in adults is estimated at 0.8%. This pleads for wider access to HIV testing in this population.

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“…Nevertheless, availability and publication of reliable information is crucial for persuading political, community and religious leaders to acknowledge the existence and extent of the HIV epidemic in their country and to take appropriate action to fight it. g. Time frame is given only by two studies (extramantal relation during current year for one and extramarital sex ever for the other one) and specific age is given only for one study (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) The following images related to this document are available:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another four seroprevalence studies have been carried out among children aged 15 years and below and admitted in hospitals. [24][25][26][27][28][29] All of them except one are based on relatively small samples (406, 199, 358, 2,793). Observed HIV prevalence varies from 1.5% (retrospective analysis of hospital records 1995-96) 26 up to 23% among a small sample of pediatric patients (average rate for the period 1989 to 1996).…”

Section: Hiv Prevalence At the Local Level Among Sub-groups Not Inclumentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues in Measuring HIV Prevalence: The Case of Nigeria

Panchaud¹,

Woog²,

Singh³

et al. 2002

African Journal of Reproductive Health

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This article reviews methodologies and data sources that have been used to measure HIV prevalence and sexual behaviours associated with the transmission of HIV in Nigeria. The review includes 35 studies on HIV prevalence and methodology and 34 studies on sexual behaviour published between 1990 and 2000. As at 1999, 5.1-5.4% of http://www.bioline.org.br/request?rh02031 (1 of 24)10/20/2004 11:17:27 AM http://www.bioline.org.br/request?rh02031 the general population was estimated to be infected with HIV. Trend data, although limited, indicate that HIV prevalence is increasing among both the general population and specific subgroups. Data on sexual behaviours indicate that risk behaviours are very common in Nigeria while condom use remains low. Studies in local areas and on population subgroups indicate great variability in both HIV prevalence and sexual risk behaviour. Comparability of data is limited as a result of differences in design and measurement across studies. Also, there is a dearth of information on certain groups at high risk for HIV. Despite efforts to establish and improve HIV surveillance in Nigeria, this review illustrates limitations and challenges undoubtedly shared by other countries. (Afr J Reprod Health 2002; 6[3]: 11-29) RÉSUMÉQuestions concernant la mensuration de la prevalence du VIH: le cas du Nigéria. Cet article passe en revue les méthodologies et les sources des données dont on s'est servi pour mesurer la prévalence du VIH et des comportements sexuels liées à la transmission du VIH au Nigéria. L'analyse comprend 35 études sur la prévalence et la méthodologie du VIH et 34 études sur le comportment sexuel qui ont été publiées entre 1990 et 2000. Jusqu'à 1999, 5,1-5,4% de la population générale auraient été infectées du VIH. Les données de tendance, quoique limitées, indiquent que la prévalence du VIH est en hausse parmi la population générale et les sous-groupes particuliers. Les données sur les comportements sexuels indiquent que les comportements de risque sont très communs au Nigéria tandis que l'emploi des préservatifs est peu populaire. Les études dans les régions locales et qui portent sur les sous-groupes de la population indiquent une grande variabilité par rapport à la prévalence du VIH et au comportement du risque sexuel. La comparabilité de données est limitée à cause des différence au niveau du dessein et de la mensuration à travers des études. Il y a également un grand manque de renseignements sur certains groupes à haut risque du VIH. Malgré les efforts faits pour établir et pour améliorer la surveillance du VIH au Nigéria, cette étude illustre les limitations et les défis qui sont, sans doute, partagés par d'autres pays. (Rev Afr Santé Reprod 2002; 6[3]: 11-29)

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Seroprevalence and coprevalence of HIV and HBsAg in Nigerian children with/without protein energy malnutrition

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Burden of HIV Infection in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Nigeria

Burden of HIV Infection in Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Nigeria

HIV Prevalence and Impact on Renutrition in Children Hospitalised for Severe Malnutrition in Niger: An Argument for More Systematic Screening

Issues in Measuring HIV Prevalence: The Case of Nigeria

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